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User research interview assist

Skill LuckyOneTwoThree/pm-skill/pm-01-discovery/skills/user-research-interview-assist

当需要设计用户访谈脚本、执行访谈后提取洞察、跨访谈聚类分析时使用。访谈辅助Pipeline。关键词:用户访谈、访谈脚本、访谈洞察、半结构化访谈、定性研究辅助、访谈提纲、访谈整理、跟用户聊什么。From its SKILL.md

Install
npx -y skills add LuckyOneTwoThree/pm-skill --skill user-research-interview-assist

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SKILL.md

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访谈辅助

核心原则

  1. 人类主导AI辅助——访谈执行由人类主导,AI负责脚本设计、转录分析和洞察提取,不可替代人类判断
  2. 脚本服务于目标不是目标本身——访谈脚本是验证假设的工具,人类可基于现场判断偏离脚本追问,灵活性优先于完整性
  3. 追问比主问题更有价值——主问题打开话题,追问挖掘深度,脚本必须包含追问策略和探针提示
  4. 访谈是验证不是探索——访谈目标来自已有数据发现的假设,每场访谈必须回答"验证了什么/推翻了什么"

交互模式

👤→🤖 人类AI协作 — 人类主导访谈执行,AI负责脚本设计、转录分析和洞察提取


输入

输入项类型必填来源说明
persona.jsonJSONoutput/pm-discovery/user-research-user-modeling/persona.json用户画像数据,用于定向访谈对象和脚本设计
research_objectivesobject用户提供研究目标,定义本次访谈要验证的假设和探索的方向
interview_configobject用户提供访谈配置(目标人数、时长、形式、录音可用性)
voice-analysis.jsonJSONoutput/pm-discovery/user-research-voice-analysis/voice-analysis.json用户声音分析数据
behavior-analysis.jsonJSONoutput/pm-discovery/user-research-behavior-analysis/behavior-analysis.json行为分析数据

输入格式

{
  "persona_path": "output/pm-discovery/user-research-user-modeling/persona.json",
  "research_objectives": {
    "primary_questions": ["string"],
    "hypotheses_to_validate": ["string"],
    "areas_to_explore": ["string"]
  },
  "interview_config": {
    "target_count": "number",
    "duration_minutes": "number",
    "format": "in_person|video|phone",
    "recording_available": "boolean"
  },
  "existing_analysis": {
    "voice_analysis_path": "output/pm-discovery/user-research-voice-analysis/voice-analysis.json",
    "behavior_analysis_path": "output/pm-discovery/user-research-behavior-analysis/behavior-analysis.json"
  }
}

输入依赖

  • persona.json(如已生成):用于定向访谈对象和脚本设计
  • 研究目标(人类输入):定义本次访谈要验证的假设和探索的方向
  • voice-analysis.json / behavior-analysis.json:提供待验证的数据发现

执行步骤

阶段一:访谈前准备(AI生成,人类确认)

Step 1:生成目标清单

  • 基于研究目标和已有数据分析结果,生成访谈目标清单
  • 每个目标标注:
    • 来源假设(来自哪个数据发现或推断)
    • 验证方式(直接提问 / 行为观察 / 投射技术)
    • 优先级(必须验证 / 建议验证 / 可选探索)
  • 识别已有数据中的矛盾点,列为重点验证目标
  • 输出:访谈目标清单

Step 2:生成半结构化访谈脚本

  • 基于目标清单生成半结构化脚本,包含:
    • 开场:破冰问题,建立信任
    • 核心模块:按目标优先级排列的问题组
    • 每个问题
      • 主问题(开放式)
      • 追问策略(2-3个方向性追问)
      • 探针提示(当用户回答模糊时的引导方向)
      • 对应目标(该问题验证哪个假设)
    • 收尾:开放性问题,让用户补充
  • 脚本设计原则:
    • 先行为后态度(先问做了什么,再问怎么想)
    • 先具体后抽象(先问具体场景,再问一般观点)
    • 避免引导性问题
  • 输出:interview-script.json

Step 3:推荐访谈对象

  • 基于Persona推荐访谈对象特征:
    • 优先覆盖不同Persona类型
    • 优先选择数据中有矛盾行为的用户
    • 优先选择voice-analysis中高频痛点的反馈者
  • 推荐人数:目标Persona数 × 3-5人
  • 输出:推荐访谈对象列表

阶段二:访谈执行(人类主导)

  • 人类按脚本执行访谈
  • AI不参与实时访谈过程
  • 人类可偏离脚本追问(鼓励基于现场判断的追问)
  • 建议录音(需征得受访者同意)

阶段三:访谈后分析(AI辅助)

Step 4:转录与结构化

  • 如有录音,AI辅助转录
  • 将访谈内容按主题结构化整理
  • 标注关键引用(原声)
  • 输出:结构化访谈记录

Step 5:关键洞察提取

  • 从每场访谈中提取关键洞察:
    • 验证的假设:哪些假设被访谈数据支持
    • 推翻的假设:哪些假设被访谈数据否定
    • 新发现:访谈中出现的未预期发现
    • 用户原声:支撑每个洞察的代表性引用
  • 每个洞察标注置信度
  • 区分:直接陈述(用户明确说) vs 推断(从行为描述推断)
  • 输出:洞察列表

Step 6:跨访谈聚类

  • 将多场访谈的洞察进行跨访谈聚类
  • 识别跨访谈的共同模式(多个受访者独立提及)
  • 识别独特但有价值的洞察(仅一人提及但深度高)
  • 评估每个聚类的饱和度(是否需要更多访谈)
  • 输出:跨访谈洞察聚类

Step 7:更新Persona

  • 基于访谈发现更新Persona:
    • 补充或修正Persona特征
    • 提升低置信度字段的置信度(如访谈验证了推断)
    • 降低被推翻假设的置信度
    • 新增访谈中发现的新特征
  • 标注更新来源:interview-validated / interview-revised / interview-discovered
  • 输出:更新后的persona.json

输出

interview-script.json

输出文件:output/pm-discovery/user-research-interview-assist/interview-script.json

输出Schema

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": ["script_id", "research_objectives", "core_modules"],
  "properties": {
    "script_id": {"type": "string", "description": "访谈脚本唯一标识"},
    "research_objectives": {"type": "array", "description": "研究目标列表"},
    "target_personas": {"type": "array", "description": "目标Persona类型列表"},
    "opening": {"type": "object", "description": "开场模块,含破冰问题和背景设定"},
    "core_modules": {"type": "array", "description": "核心问题模块列表"},
    "closing": {"type": "object", "description": "收尾模块"},
    "recommended_participants": {"type": "array", "description": "推荐访谈对象列表"}
  }
}

输出校验规则

字段路径类型必填说明
script_idstring脚本唯一标识
research_objectivesstring[]研究目标列表,不可为空
target_personasstring[]目标Persona类型列表
opening.icebreaker_questionsstring[]破冰问题列表
opening.context_settingstring背景设定描述
core_modulesarray核心问题模块列表,不可为空
core_modules[].module_namestring模块名称
core_modules[].objectivestring模块目标
core_modules[].hypothesis_to_validatestring待验证假设
core_modules[].prioritystring优先级枚举:must_validate/should_validate/optional
core_modules[].questionsarray问题列表,每个核心问题≥2个追问方向
core_modules[].questions[].main_questionstring主问题(开放式)
core_modules[].questions[].follow_up_strategiesstring[]追问策略,≥2个方向
core_modules[].questions[].probesstring[]探针提示
closing.open_ended_questionstring收尾开放性问题
recommended_participantsarray推荐访谈对象列表
recommended_participants[].persona_typestringPersona类型
recommended_participants[].prioritystring优先级枚举:high/medium/low
{
  "script_id": "string",
  "research_objectives": ["string"],
  "target_personas": ["string"],
  "opening": {
    "icebreaker_questions": ["string"],
    "context_setting": "string"
  },
  "core_modules": [
    {
      "module_name": "string",
      "objective": "string",
      "hypothesis_to_validate": "string",
      "priority": "must_validate|should_validate|optional",
      "questions": [
        {
          "id": "string",
          "main_question": "string",
          "follow_up_strategies": ["string"],
          "probes": ["string"],
          "target_objective": "string"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "closing": {
    "open_ended_question": "string",
    "wrap_up": "string"
  },
  "recommended_participants": [
    {
      "persona_type": "string",
      "key_characteristics": ["string"],
      "priority": "high|medium|low",
      "reason": "string"
    }
  ]
}

interview-insights.json

输出文件:output/pm-discovery/user-research-interview-assist/interview-insights.json

输出Schema

{
  "type": "object",
  "required": ["interviews_conducted", "validated_hypotheses", "new_discoveries", "metadata"],
  "properties": {
    "interviews_conducted": {"type": "number", "description": "已执行访谈数量"},
    "validated_hypotheses": {"type": "array", "description": "已验证的假设列表"},
    "refuted_hypotheses": {"type": "array", "description": "被推翻的假设列表"},
    "new_discoveries": {"type": "array", "description": "新发现列表"},
    "cross_interview_patterns": {"type": "array", "description": "跨访谈共同模式列表"},
    "persona_updates": {"type": "array", "description": "Persona更新列表"},
    "data_cross_validation": {"type": "object", "description": "与已有数据的交叉验证结果"},
    "metadata": {"type": "object", "description": "分析元数据,含时间戳和整体置信度"}
  }
}

输出校验规则

字段路径类型必填说明
interviews_conductednumber已执行访谈数量,须≥1
validated_hypothesesarray已验证假设列表,每项须含hypothesis、supporting_evidence、supporting_quotes、interview_count、confidence
validated_hypotheses[].confidencenumber验证置信度,0-1
refuted_hypothesesarray被推翻假设列表,每项须含hypothesis、refuting_evidence、refuting_quotes、interview_count、confidence
refuted_hypotheses[].confidencenumber推翻置信度,0-1
new_discoveriesarray新发现列表,每项须含discovery、evidence、quotes、interview_count、confidence、needs_further_validation
new_discoveries[].needs_further_validationboolean是否需要进一步验证
new_discoveries[].confidencenumber发现置信度,0-1
cross_interview_patternsarray跨访谈模式列表,每项须含pattern、frequency、interview_ids、confidence、saturation_level
cross_interview_patterns[].saturation_levelstring饱和度枚举:saturated/near_saturated/needs_more
persona_updatesarrayPersona更新列表,每项须含persona_id、updates
persona_updates[].updates[].update_typestring更新类型枚举:interview-validated/interview-revised/interview-discovered
data_cross_validationobject交叉验证结果,须含consistent_with_voice_analysis、consistent_with_behavior_analysis、contradictions_found
metadata.analysis_timestampstring分析时间戳
metadata.total_interviewsnumber访谈总数
metadata.total_insightsnumber洞察总数
metadata.confidence_overallnumber整体置信度,0-1
{
  "interviews_conducted": "number",
  "validated_hypotheses": [
    {
      "hypothesis": "string",
      "supporting_evidence": ["string"],
      "supporting_quotes": ["string"],
      "interview_count": "number",
      "confidence": "number"
    }
  ],
  "refuted_hypotheses": [
    {
      "hypothesis": "string",
      "refuting_evidence": ["string"],
      "refuting_quotes": ["string"],
      "interview_count": "number",
      "confidence": "number"
    }
  ],
  "new_discoveries": [
    {
      "discovery": "string",
      "evidence": ["string"],
      "quotes": ["string"],
      "interview_count": "number",
      "confidence": "number",
      "needs_further_validation": "boolean"
    }
  ],
  "cross_interview_patterns": [
    {
      "pattern": "string",
      "frequency": "number",
      "interview_ids": ["string"],
      "confidence": "number",
      "saturation_level": "saturated|near_saturated|needs_more"
    }
  ],
  "persona_updates": [
    {
      "persona_id": "string",
      "updates": [
        {
          "field": "string",
          "previous_value": "string",
          "updated_value": "string",
          "update_type": "interview-validated|interview-revised|interview-discovered",
          "confidence": "number"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "data_cross_validation": {
    "consistent_with_voice_analysis": ["string"],
    "consistent_with_behavior_analysis": ["string"],
    "contradictions_found": [
      {
        "data_source": "string",
        "interview_finding": "string",
        "existing_finding": "string",
        "possible_explanation": "string",
        "resolution": "string"
      }
    ]
  },
  "metadata": {
    "analysis_timestamp": "string",
    "total_interviews": "number",
    "total_insights": "number",
    "confidence_overall": "number"
  }
}

决策规则

条件动作
推断需求置信度 < 0.5标记"需人类验证",不直接更新Persona
访谈发现与已有数据矛盾记录矛盾,标记"需仲裁",列出双方证据
跨访谈聚类饱和度不足建议增加访谈数量,标注"需补充验证"
新发现仅1人提及标记"孤立发现",置信度上限0.4,建议验证
访谈脚本偏离原目标人类决策是否调整研究目标

质量检查

检查项标准不达标处理
脚本包含追问策略每个核心问题 ≥ 2个追问方向补充追问策略
洞察与已有数据做了印证/矛盾分析每个洞察有cross_validation记录未做交叉验证的洞察标记"待验证"
访谈对象覆盖主要Persona每个高优先级Persona ≥ 3人标注"覆盖不足",建议补充
每个洞察有原声支撑每个洞察 ≥ 1条引用无原声的洞察标记"支撑不足"
所有输出标注置信度100%缺失置信度的字段补填默认值0.3并标记
非引导性问题检查核心问题无引导性表述发现引导性问题则标记并建议修改

降级策略

当上游文件不存在时,本Skill仍可独立执行:

缺失的上游输入降级方案输出影响
persona.json用户提供研究目标和用户描述 → 基于描述生成访谈脚本,标注"缺乏Persona数据定向"target_personas为空,recommended_participants基于推断,访谈对象定向精度降低
voice-analysis.json / behavior-analysis.json基于用户提供的研究目标直接生成脚本,标注"缺乏数据验证假设"hypothesis_to_validate基于用户描述而非数据发现,data_cross_validation缺失
所有上游文件均缺失提示用户先执行前序阶段,或基于用户口头描述的研究目标生成轻量版访谈脚本脚本为纯探索性设计,验证性假设缺失,整体置信度降低
若用户未提供research_objectives提示用户提供研究目标,否则无法设计定向访谈脚本无法生成interview-script.json,流程中断
若用户未提供interview_config提示用户提供访谈配置,否则使用默认配置(目标人数:5,时长:45分钟,形式:视频,录音可用)使用默认配置,访谈安排可能不符合实际条件

数据获取说明

本Skill需要Persona和用户研究数据,请通过以下方式之一提供:

  1. 直接描述研究目标、假设和目标用户特征
  2. 上传persona.json / voice-analysis.json / behavior-analysis.json文件
  3. 提供数据文件路径
  • AI不负责外部数据采集,仅负责分析

上游变更响应

上游变更影响

上游Skill变更类型影响范围响应动作
user-research-user-modelingpersona.json结构变更Persona字段映射变化检查输入字段映射,适配新结构,不兼容时标记"上游数据格式异常"
user-research-user-modelingpersona.json内容更新Persona特征、痛点、JTBD变化重新生成访谈脚本和推荐对象,标注"基于更新Persona重建"
user-research-voice-analysisvoice-analysis.json结构变更痛点、主题数据格式变化检查输入字段映射,适配新结构,不兼容时标记"上游数据格式异常"
user-research-voice-analysisvoice-analysis.json内容更新痛点等级、情感分布变化更新待验证假设清单,标注"基于更新数据调整假设"
user-research-behavior-analysisbehavior-analysis.json结构变更行为分群、Aha Moment数据格式变化检查输入字段映射,适配新结构,不兼容时标记"上游数据格式异常"
user-research-behavior-analysisbehavior-analysis.json内容更新漏斗、路径、异常检测结果变化更新待验证假设清单,标注"基于更新数据调整假设"

下游通知机制

下游Skill通知触发条件通知方式通知内容
user-research-reportinterview-insights.json更新完成写入output文件通知访谈洞察和Persona更新数据已就绪,可用于报告生成

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