Srx policy

SRX Security Policy

Overview

Use this skill for Juniper SRX security policy design on Junos 23.x and newer non-Branch SRX platforms. It focuses on the policy layer that decides whether traffic is permitted, denied, logged, counted, or passed into security services such as AppID/AppFW, NextGen Web Filtering (NGWF), Enhanced Web Filtering (EWF), SecIntel, and ATP-backed protections.

Enforced Global-Policy Output Contract

For greenfield, migration, and onboarding work, generated policy MUST use security policies global; express zones only as match from-zone and match to-zone fields inside each global policy. Do not preserve zone-pair structure merely because it appears in the input.

Use zone-to-zone output only after the caller explicitly opts into one of these exceptions and record the exception and affected rules in the result:

• existing-estate compatibility where structural change is outside scope;
• an isolated exception that is clearer and safer as a zone-pair policy;
• a customer standard or toolchain that requires zone-pair contexts.

Day-one SRX onboarding MUST detect set security policies from-zone ... to-zone ... contexts and rewrite them under security policies global by default. Preserve each source context's rule order, move its zones into match fields, verify semantic parity, and only remove or deactivate the legacy contexts with explicit approval and rollback protection. Read references/zone-pair-to-global-example.md for the complete detect-and-rewrite example.

Why global policy is the enforced generation target:

• Most vendor rulebases already behave like one ordered policy table with source zone, destination zone, source, destination, service/application, action, logging, and profiles as fields.
• Junos global policy lets a rule match one or more from-zone and to-zone values inside the policy itself.
• A global policy table avoids duplicating the same logical rule across every zone pair.
• It pairs naturally with the global address book and application/application-set objects.
• It is easier to review, diff, reorder, and migrate than many separate zone-pair contexts.
• It keeps AppFW, UTM/web-filtering, SecIntel, and ATP attachment decisions close to the logical rule instead of scattering equivalent controls across zone pairs.

Do not guess feature support. Before final design, verify platform, Junos release, licenses, and service package availability in current Juniper documentation / Pathfinder / Feature Explorer and on the device with show version, show system license, and relevant package/version commands.

Runtime intake

Use this skill for SRX policy behavior after relevant configuration is identified. Use parsing-srx-configs for full-config extraction and srx-nat when translation changes the policy match. Before acting, inspect the request, artifacts, and approved read-only evidence. If unresolved facts materially change safety, scope, correctness, confidence, or output, read references/runtime-intake.md. For each unresolved material fact whose catalog condition is true, invoke Claude AskUserQuestion or Codex request_user_input before continuing or issuing an open-ended request. Ask at most three single-select catalog questions per round. After each response, ask another round whenever any unresolved material catalog condition remains true; continue only when none remain. Do not repeat answered questions or show the full catalog. Without a native tool, present each selected catalog question with its 2-3 labeled choices and a free-text Other path in concise plain text; do not substitute a generic checklist. Never request secrets or unredacted customer data. Answers are context, not live-change approval; obtain separate explicit approval before configuration, commit, upgrade, reboot, delete, or failover.

Recommended Architecture

Preferred Greenfield / Migration Pattern

1. Build zones and routing cleanly.
2. Put reusable addresses and address sets in the global address book unless there is a specific reason for zone-local objects.
3. Normalize services into Junos applications and application sets.
4. Build one ordered global policy table under security policies global.
5. Match source and destination zones inside global policies.
6. Put narrow deny/reject/block rules first, then explicit permits, then a final logged default deny.
7. Attach AppFW / NGWF or EWF UTM / web-filtering / SecIntel / other application services only on permitted traffic that needs inspection.
8. Add logging and counts intentionally; log high-risk denies and important permits, but do not flood logs on high-volume noise without a reason.
9. Verify hit counts and live sessions after every policy import or reorder.

Read references/zone-pair-to-global-example.md for a complete ordered global table. Use multiple match from-zone and match to-zone statements only when one logical rule legitimately spans several zones with identical criteria and action; Juniper warns that careless multizone grouping can permit spoofed traffic.

Explicit Zone-to-Zone Opt-Out

Use security policies from-zone <zone> to-zone <zone> only when the caller selects an exception in the enforced output contract. State why global policy is unsuitable, constrain the zone-pair scope, and keep all other generated rules global.

Do not treat a small rulebase, an existing zone-pair input, or a staged migration as an implicit opt-out. Repeated rules across zone pairs require a global rewrite unless the caller explicitly chooses otherwise.

Policy Evaluation and Rule Order

SRX policy is first-packet session policy. The selected policy creates session state; later packets normally follow the session unless policy rematch or session clearing occurs.

Evaluation order: zone-pair (from-zone ... to-zone ...) policies are evaluated BEFORE global policies for a given flow. If a zone-pair policy table exists for the source/destination zone pair and a rule in that table matches, the global policy is never reached for that flow. A catch-all permit in a zone-pair policy blocks global-policy lookup entirely for that zone pair. Design accordingly: if you intend global policy to govern a zone pair, ensure no conflicting zone-pair policy table shadows it.

Baseline behavior:

• Zone-to-zone policy is organized by from-zone and to-zone context; each context has an ordered policy list.
• Global policy also matches source zone and destination zone, but the zone match is inside the policy rule.
• Rule order matters. Put specific denies and exceptions before broad permits.
• A policy match needs source address, destination address, and application. any is legal but should be explicit and reviewed.
• Policy action is normally permit, deny, or reject; permitted traffic can invoke application services.
• Security services such as UTM/web-filtering are attached under then permit application-services ... because they inspect allowed flows.
• The default behavior should be explicit deny with logging/counting where operationally useful.

insert + append ordering pitfall. insert security policies ... policy X before/after Y is relative to the current policy order at the moment it runs. When new policies are appended and then others are inserted, an appended rule can end up below the default-deny and be silently shadowed. Real example: 300-CAST-TO-FIRETV was appended, then 999-DEFAULT-DENY was inserted after Allow_set_for_IoT-1, which placed 300 after 999 — shadowing the exact rule being added. A clean commit check does not prove correct order. When mixing appended global policies with insert ... before/after, always re-verify the final order before commit:

show configuration security policies global | display set

Policy changes can disrupt existing sessions because the policy database is recompiled and pushed to the forwarding plane. Juniper documents set security policies lookup-intact-on-commit as a way to reduce disruption on eligible platforms; check eligibility and memory before enabling it.

show security policies lookup-intact-on-commit eligibility
show security policies lookup-intact-on-commit

Address Book Guidance

Prefer global address-book objects for greenfield and migration designs:

set security address-book global address HOST-WEB-01 10.20.30.10/32
set security address-book global address-set WEB-SERVERS address HOST-WEB-01

Use zone-local address books only when the same name intentionally means different addresses in different zones or when preserving a legacy Junos config. Migration work is cleaner when object names are unique, global, and vendor-neutral.

Design rules:

• Use clear names that survive migration: NET-USERS, APP-ERP, HOST-DC1-DNS.
• Collapse many /32 objects into prefixes when the security intent is identical; Juniper notes policy memory consumption grows with addresses, applications, and zone contexts.
• Keep dynamic objects separate from static objects. For external feeds, use srx-dynamic-ip-feed.
• For NATed services, remember policy may see translated addresses depending on NAT type; load srx-nat when unsure.

Applications and Application Sets

Junos policy requires an application match. Use predefined Junos applications when possible, custom applications when needed, and application sets to keep policies readable.

set applications application APP-TCP-8443 protocol tcp
set applications application APP-TCP-8443 destination-port 8443
set applications application-set APP-WEB application junos-http
set applications application-set APP-WEB application junos-https
set applications application-set APP-WEB application APP-TCP-8443

Guidance:

• Prefer application sets that represent business intent: APP-USER-WEB, APP-DNS, APP-ADMIN-SSH.
• Do not blindly translate every vendor service object into an individual Junos application if a predefined Junos application already exists.
• Use show applications to verify predefined application names.
• For application-identification / AppFW dynamic applications, verify AppID packages and signatures before policy activation.
• Avoid application any on broad permits unless the rule is intentionally coarse and protected by AppFW/UTM or other controls.

Application Firewall / AppID Pattern

AppFW is not the same thing as the base policy match application field. Base policy applications are port/protocol applications. AppFW can match dynamic layer-7 application signatures and then permit or deny inside an already-permitted security policy.

Prerequisites to verify:

show system license
show services application-identification version
request services application-identification download
request services application-identification download status
request services application-identification install
request services application-identification install status
show services application-identification application summary
show services application-identification group summary

Example AppFW rule-set attached to a global policy:

set security application-firewall rule-sets APPFW-STREAMING rule BLOCK-YOUTUBE-STREAM match dynamic-application junos:YOUTUBE-STREAM
set security application-firewall rule-sets APPFW-STREAMING rule BLOCK-YOUTUBE-STREAM then deny
set security application-firewall rule-sets APPFW-STREAMING default-rule permit

set security policies global policy 200-USERS-WEB match from-zone USERS
set security policies global policy 200-USERS-WEB match to-zone INTERNET
set security policies global policy 200-USERS-WEB match source-address NET-USERS
set security policies global policy 200-USERS-WEB match destination-address any
set security policies global policy 200-USERS-WEB match application APP-WEB
set security policies global policy 200-USERS-WEB then permit application-services application-firewall rule-set APPFW-STREAMING
set security policies global policy 200-USERS-WEB then log session-close
set security policies global policy 200-USERS-WEB then count

Verification:

show security application-firewall rule-set APPFW-STREAMING
show services application-identification application summary | match <app>
show security policies hit-count
show security flow session source-prefix <client> extensive

Pitfall: if the base policy does not permit the flow, AppFW never gets a chance to inspect it. Conversely, if the base policy is application any and AppFW default-rule is permit, you may have built a broad allow with only a narrow AppFW deny.

Web Filtering / UTM Attachment: Prefer NGWF, Treat EWF as Existing-Estate

Web filtering is policy-adjacent because the UTM policy is attached to an allowed security policy under then permit application-services utm-policy. For Junos 23.4R1+ greenfield designs and modern vendor migrations, strongly prefer Juniper NextGen Web Filtering (NGWF / ng-juniper) when the platform, release, license, and cloud connectivity support it. Treat Enhanced Web Filtering (EWF / juniper-enhanced) as an existing-estate, compatibility, or older-release path unless NGWF is unavailable.

Do not say EWF is deprecated unless a current Juniper deprecation notice is available. The safe wording is: NGWF is the newer preferred architecture for supported Junos 23.4R1+ designs; EWF remains a documented path for existing deployments and platforms/releases that cannot use NGWF.

Decision rule:

1. New Junos 23.4R1+ SRX/cSRX deployment: prefer NGWF.
2. Migration from Palo Alto, FortiGate, ASA/FTD, Check Point, or another vendor to modern SRX: prefer NGWF for URL/category/reputation controls unless a documented constraint blocks it.
3. Existing Junos estate already using EWF: keep EWF only for continuity, then plan EWF-to-NGWF migration after validating license, platform support, policy names, category mapping, cloud reachability, and maintenance window.
4. Older Junos releases or unsupported platforms: use EWF/local/redirect only as required by supportability.

Full NGWF and EWF configuration patterns, the SSL initiation profile, verification commands, and the EWF-to-NGWF migration commands/pitfalls are in references/web-filtering-ngwf-ewf-patterns.md. Key facts: NGWF starts in 23.4R1, uses the Juniper NGWF cloud with on-box caching, and is attached via then permit application-services utm-policy. Migration is asynchronous — schedule downtime and do not rename policies mid-migration.

Use conservative fallback behavior. If the cloud/reputation service is unavailable, decide deliberately whether to fail open (permit / log-and-permit) or fail closed (block) for the default fallback leaf, and set the granular fallback leaves (server-connectivity, timeout, too-many-requests) per traffic-class requirements rather than as a uniform global setting. Leaf-value note: fallback-settings default log-and-permit commits on current images (verified on vSRX 24.4R1 for both ng-juniper and juniper-enhanced); some older guidance restricts the default leaf to permit/block — validate on your target release.

Important IPv6 caveat from Juniper's policy documentation: Content Security for IPv6 sessions is not supported in the referenced policy documentation. If a policy uses wildcard any and Content Security features are enabled, use any-ipv4 for the inspected policy and create separate IPv6 rules without unsupported Content Security services.

SecIntel and ATP Placement

SecIntel and ATP-backed enforcement should complement deterministic policy, not replace it.

Use this layering order:

1. Deterministic segmentation: zones, routes, address objects, applications, explicit allow/deny.
2. Application-aware controls: AppID/AppFW where L7 application identity matters.
3. Web/content controls: NGWF preferred on 23.4R1+ (see the web-filtering section).
4. Dynamic intelligence: SecIntel feeds and ATP verdicts for malicious infrastructure, infected hosts, C&C, malware, and evolving threat indicators.
5. Logging and operations: hit counts, event logs, SecIntel/ATP dashboards, and incident workflow.

Design cautions:

• Verify subscriptions, ATP Cloud/Appliance connectivity, feed status, and platform support before promising behavior.
• Keep threat-intel blocks above broad permits when implemented as explicit policies or objects.
• For feed-based address objects maintained by your own HTTPS feed server, use the srx-dynamic-ip-feed skill.
• Avoid using SecIntel as a substitute for clean zone/app policy; it is an additional enforcement source.
• Treat community discussion and marketing datasheets as context, not authoritative configuration syntax.

Operational checks vary by deployment, but collect at least:

show system license
show security policies hit-count
show security flow session source-prefix <source> extensive
show log messages | match "secintel|atp|utm|web-filter|threat"

For ATP Appliance integration, confirm the SRX-to-ATP integration workflow in the current ATP Appliance guide and validate that SRX submits data and consumes verdicts/feeds as designed.

Multicast and Service Discovery (mDNS/SSDP) Across Zones

Read references/service-discovery.md when troubleshooting mDNS, SSDP, casting, or other discovery across routed VLANs. A permit policy alone cannot forward TTL-1 discovery traffic; the reference separates reflector or multicast-routing requirements from the post-discovery unicast policy.

Migration Workflow from Another Vendor

1. Parse the source firewall and preserve rule order, zones/interfaces, objects, services, applications, logging, and profiles.
2. Normalize source and destination zones to SRX zones.
3. Move static objects into security address-book global.
4. Convert services to Junos applications and application sets.
5. Convert vendor policy rows to security policies global policy <ordered-name> with match from-zone and match to-zone fields.
6. Preserve disabled rules as comments or inactive policies; do not silently drop them.
7. Map URL filtering / security profiles to NGWF, EWF, UTM, AppFW, SecIntel, ATP, IDP, or documented gaps. For Junos 23.4R1+ supported targets, prefer NGWF over EWF unless a documented constraint blocks it.
8. Put explicit denies before broad permits; add final logged deny.
9. If NAT exists, resolve post-NAT policy expectations with srx-nat before writing final policies.
10. Commit in a lab, generate traffic, and compare hit counts and session tuples against expected behavior.

For day-one SRX onboarding, first detect zone-pair contexts, then use the same workflow to rewrite them into one global table. Preserve order within each original context; separate contexts have no shared total order, so exact zone match fields preserve their independence. Because regular policies have lookup priority over global policies, plan removal or deactivation of migrated contexts as an approved cutover rather than leaving shadowing duplicates active.

Policy naming convention:

010-DENY-THREAT-FEEDS
100-USERS-DNS
110-USERS-WEB-INSPECTED
200-SERVERS-ADMIN
900-TEMP-MIGRATION-EXCEPTIONS
999-DENY-REST

Avoid names that encode only zone pairs, such as TRUST-TO-UNTRUST-1, when the policy is global. Encode the business intent and keep numeric ordering stable.

Pre-Return Self-Check

Before returning any generated or rewritten policy:

1. Search the proposed set-format output for set security policies from-zone; absent an explicit opt-out, this must return no matches.
2. Confirm every generated rule starts under set security policies global policy and carries intended match from-zone and match to-zone fields.
3. Compare the final global order with the source order within every original context; re-display it after any insert operation.
4. Confirm no active legacy zone-pair rule can match first. Use show security match-policies global ... for pre-cutover global checks, then test effective lookup after the approved cutover.
5. Report any exception, uncertainty, unsupported feature, or unconverted rule instead of silently returning zone-pair output.

Verification Commands

Configuration review:

show configuration security policies | display set
show configuration security policies global | display set
show configuration security address-book global | display set
show configuration applications | display set
show configuration security application-firewall | display set
show configuration security utm | display set

Policy counters and order:

show security policies
show security policies detail
show security policies hit-count
show security policies hit-count from-zone <src-zone> to-zone <dst-zone>
clear security policies hit-count

The from-zone and to-zone hit-count filters are for zone-based policies only. Use the unfiltered command for global policies and identify the junos-global rows.

Sessions and flow:

show security flow session source-prefix <source> extensive
show security flow session destination-prefix <destination> extensive
show security flow session | match "Session ID|Policy name|In:|Out:|NAT|Timeout"

Policy match prediction (no traffic required):

show security match-policies from-zone <SRC_ZONE> to-zone <DST_ZONE> source-ip <SRC_IP> destination-ip <DST_IP> protocol <PROTO> source-port <SPORT> destination-port <DPORT>

This predicts which policy a flow will match without sending live traffic — useful for pre-commit validation and troubleshooting shadowed rules.

Applications and AppFW:

show applications
show services application-identification version
show services application-identification application summary | match <name>
show services application-identification group summary | match <name>
show security application-firewall rule-set <rule-set-name>

Web filtering / UTM:

show system license
show security utm web-filtering status
show security utm web-filtering statistics
show log messages | match "webfilter|web-filter|RT_UTM|URL_BLOCKED"

Commit and policy-change safety:

show security policies lookup-intact-on-commit eligibility
show security policies lookup-intact-on-commit
commit check
commit confirmed 10

Troubleshooting Matrix

Symptom	Likely Cause	Check	Fix
Expected global policy not hit	Rule order, zone mismatch, address/application mismatch, or NAT changed destination	show security policies hit-count, session extensive	Move specific rule up, fix match from-zone/to-zone, address, app, or NAT expectations
New permit never matches despite a clean commit	Rule was appended below the default-deny because a later insert ... before/after reordered around it	show configuration security policies global | display set	Re-insert the permit above the default-deny; re-dump final order before commit
Zone-to-zone policy hit instead of global design	Legacy policies remain active or evaluation expectation is wrong	Full show configuration security policies	Consolidate into global policy and remove/disable duplicates after testing
AppFW rule has zero hits	Base policy not permitting flow, AppID package missing, wrong dynamic app	AppID version, AppFW rule-set counters, session policy	Install AppID package, fix base policy, choose correct dynamic app/group
Web filtering attached but no filtering	UTM policy not under then permit, license/service unavailable, wrong profile, wrong engine type (ng-juniper vs juniper-enhanced), or cloud/DNS/routing issue	Web-filtering status/statistics, policy config, license, DNS/routing, logs	Attach UTM policy correctly, verify license/cloud/release, confirm expected NGWF/EWF type, fix profile and reachability
IPv6 policy commit error with content security	Content Security not supported for IPv6 in referenced docs	Commit error and policy match wildcard	Split IPv4 inspected policy using any-ipv4; create separate IPv6 policy without unsupported services
Migrated policy table is huge and repetitive	Zone-to-zone conversion copied one logical rule into many contexts	Count repeated source/destination/app/action rows	Rebuild as global policies with multi-zone matches where intent is identical
Existing sessions ignore policy change	Session state persists	Session table, policy-rematch expectations	Clear selected sessions or plan maintenance; use policy rematch features only when understood
Commit disrupts traffic	Policy database recompilation and forwarding-plane update	Change window logs, eligibility check	Stage changes, use commit confirmed, investigate lookup-intact-on-commit eligibility
Logs too noisy	Broad deny logs session-init for high-volume background traffic	Log volume and top talkers	Log important denies; rate-limit upstream; tune final deny logging carefully

Common Pitfalls

1. Defaulting to zone-to-zone policy for migrations. Generate security policies global; zone-pair output requires the caller's explicit opt-out and a recorded reason.

2. Using global policy as an unstructured dumping ground. Global policy still needs clear order, names, comments, and a final default deny.

3. Hiding segmentation mistakes with multi-zone matches. Multi-zone global rules are good when intent is identical; they are bad when they blur different risk zones.

4. Forgetting NAT's effect on policy. Destination/static NAT can change the destination before policy lookup. Load srx-nat when NAT and policy interact.

5. Attaching UTM/AppFW to a deny policy. Application services attach to permitted flows. Deny/reject rules block before those services inspect.

6. Using application any everywhere. Sometimes needed for migration parity, but it removes useful intent unless paired with AppFW/UTM and a clear reason.

7. Trusting inaccessible or old articles as canonical. If a source article is 404, JavaScript-only, or old lab material, corroborate with current Juniper docs and device CLI before encoding syntax.

8. Ignoring license/package state. AppID, enhanced web filtering, SecIntel, and ATP behavior can depend on licenses, subscriptions, cloud connectivity, and installed packages.

9. Mixing IPv4 and IPv6 with content security blindly. Use IPv4-specific inspected rules when Content Security is involved, and separate IPv6 rules if unsupported.

10. Defaulting to EWF for new SRX designs, or calling EWF deprecated without evidence. For Junos 23.4R1+ greenfield and modernization work, prefer NGWF when supported; keep EWF as an existing-estate or compatibility path. Say NGWF is newer/preferred for supported designs, but do not assert formal deprecation unless current Juniper documentation says so.

11. Migrating EWF to NGWF without a window. Juniper documents the migration as asynchronous and recommends downtime. Preserve policy names during migration because changing policy names can cause commit failure.

12. Not verifying with live counters. A clean commit is not proof of correct policy. Check hit counts, sessions, AppFW/UTM counters, and logs.

13. Trusting insert order without re-dumping the final order before commit — see 'Policy Evaluation and Rule Order'.

14. Expecting a permit to fix cross-VLAN discovery — see 'Multicast and Service Discovery'.

Verification Checklist

• Platform and Junos release support the requested policy/security-service features.
• License/subscription/package state is verified for AppID, AppFW, web filtering, SecIntel, or ATP features.
• Generated/onboarded policy uses security policies global, or the caller's explicit zone-pair opt-out and affected rules are recorded.
• Pre-return search found no unintended set security policies from-zone output.
• Global address-book objects are used for reusable migrated objects.
• Applications/application sets express business intent and avoid unnecessary any.
• Rule order is explicit: denies/exceptions, permits, temporary migration exceptions, final deny.
• Logging and count are intentionally configured.
• UTM/AppFW services are attached only under then permit on the intended policies.
• For URL filtering on Junos 23.4R1+ supported targets, NGWF (ng-juniper) was preferred unless a documented constraint required EWF/local/redirect.
• If migrating EWF to NGWF, license/platform support, category migration status, unchanged policy names, and downtime window were planned.
• NAT interactions were reviewed with srx-nat where translated addresses affect policy lookup.
• IPv6 and Content Security support were reviewed before using wildcard any with UTM/content services.
• commit check and commit confirmed are used for risky changes.
• Hit counts and sessions prove that traffic matches the intended policy.
• Source extraction limitations in references/source-index.md were considered before relying on a non-authoritative article.

Source Notes

This is an original operational playbook informed by the attributed reading list and official Juniper policy documentation. The short source-note files under references/ are independently written “Inspired by” notes, not upstream page copies, and do not relicense linked material. For the NGWF/EWF comparison, see references/ngwf-vs-ewf-research.md.