Pretext

Pretext Integration Guide

You are helping a developer use @chenglou/pretext — a 15KB TypeScript library by Cheng Lou that computes exact text metrics using pure math (no DOM reflows). It uses CanvasRenderingContext2D.measureText internally, segments text, measures once, caches, then does arithmetic for all subsequent layouts.

When Pretext Is the Right Tool

Use Pretext when the developer needs to:

• Know text dimensions before rendering — virtual scrolling, masonry layouts, card height estimation
• Auto-fit text to a container — find the largest font size that keeps text within N lines (CSS has no equivalent)
• Flow text around obstacles — magazine-style layouts where text wraps around shapes, images, or interactive elements
• Measure text in canvas/SVG/WebGL — Pretext's measurements are exact for fillText
• Measure many text items fast — each layout() call is ~0.0002ms after the first prepare() per font

When NOT to Use Pretext

• CSS float/flex already handles it — don't reimplement text flow that CSS does natively
• Content is HTML, not plain text — Pretext measures plain text strings. Tables, code blocks, nested elements need DOM measurement
• TanStack Virtual + Pretext height estimation — this integration is fragile. Height errors compound over many items, and measureElement correction loops cause desyncing. For <500 items, just render all and use CSS transitions. For 1000+, use Pretext estimates as seeds but rely on DOM correction
• Accordion content height — if content has HTML structure, use off-screen DOM measurement (visibility: hidden; position: absolute)

Quick Start

npm install @chenglou/pretext

import { prepare, layout } from '@chenglou/pretext';

// 1. Prepare a text+font pair (measures & caches internally)
const prepared = prepare('Hello world', '16px Inter');

// 2. Layout at any width — returns height and line count
const result = layout(prepared, 400, 24); // maxWidth=400, lineHeight=24px
// → { lineCount: 1, height: 24 }

// Reuse for different widths (instant — pure arithmetic)
const narrow = layout(prepared, 120, 24); // → more lines, taller

Critical Gotchas

These are the bugs that will waste your time if you don't know about them. Read this section before writing any Pretext code.

1. lineHeight Must Be in Absolute Pixels

layout() expects lineHeight in CSS pixels, not a multiplier. This is the #1 integration bug.

// WRONG — will compute heights ~14x too small (silent error)
layout(prepared, 500, 1.5);

// CORRECT — convert multiplier to pixels
const fontSize = 14;
const lineHeightPx = fontSize * 1.5; // = 21
layout(prepared, 500, lineHeightPx);

The error is silent — Pretext happily computes with lineHeight: 1.5 pixels, producing plausible-looking lineCount values but tiny height values.

2. prepare() Takes Text First, Font Second

// WRONG — arguments swapped
prepare('16px Georgia', 'Hello world');

// CORRECT
prepare('Hello world', '16px Georgia');

3. Each Text+Font Pair Needs Its Own prepare()

You cannot cache a single prepare() token and reuse it for different text. The library caches segment metrics per font string internally, so repeated calls with the same font are fast.

4. Fonts Must Be Loaded First

Pretext measures using currently loaded fonts. If you measure before web fonts load, you get fallback font metrics. Either await document.fonts.ready or accept slight inaccuracy.

5. system-ui Is Unreliable

On macOS, Canvas resolves system-ui to a different optical variant than DOM rendering. Use explicit font names for guaranteed accuracy.

6. No Canvas = No Pretext

Pretext requires CanvasRenderingContext2D.measureText. It works in all browsers and OffscreenCanvas workers, but NOT in Node.js without node-canvas.

7. Border in Height Estimates

When computing DOM element heights, don't forget border-width. A 1px border adds 2px total (top + bottom). Easy to miss, causes cumulative drift in layouts.

Which API Do I Need?

Start here. Match the developer's goal to the right API path — this avoids the most common mistake (using prepare when prepareWithSegments is needed, or vice versa).

Developer wants to...	prepare variant	layout function
Get text height/line count at a given width	prepare	layout
Auto-fit font size (binary search over sizes)	prepare (in a loop)	layout
Auto-height a textarea	prepare with { whiteSpace: 'pre-wrap' }	layout
Get per-line text content (render, animate)	prepareWithSegments	layoutWithLines
Find widest line (shrink-wrap containers)	prepareWithSegments	walkLineRanges
Flow text around obstacles (variable width/line)	prepareWithSegments	layoutNextLine in a loop

The key decision is prepare vs prepareWithSegments:

• prepare → only gives you layout() (height + line count). Fastest path.
• prepareWithSegments → gives you ALL layout functions including layout(). Use this the moment you need per-line data or variable widths. There is no reason to call both for the same text.

Common API selection mistakes:

• Using prepare then calling layoutWithLines → crashes at runtime (no .segments)
• Using layoutWithLines when only widths are needed → walkLineRanges is cheaper (no string allocation)
• Using layoutWithLines when width varies per line → must use layoutNextLine instead
• Re-calling prepare on container resize → just call layout again with the new width (it's pure arithmetic)

For full signatures, types, and examples, see the API Reference.

Integration Patterns

For detailed code examples of each pattern, see Patterns Reference. Here's when to reach for each:

Wrapper Module (Recommended First Step)

Create a thin wrapper that converts lineHeight from CSS multiplier to pixels and returns null on failure. This prevents the critical lineHeight bug and enables progressive enhancement.

Auto-Fit Font Size

Binary search for the largest font that keeps text within N lines. This is Pretext's killer feature — CSS has no equivalent. Use for hero headlines, card titles, quote displays.

Height Estimation for Card Layouts

Measure variable text parts with Pretext, add fixed parts (padding, border, gaps) manually. Good for simple cards. Remember: this is inherently approximate — don't use for pixel-perfect virtualization.

Text Around Obstacles (layoutNextLine)

The creative powerhouse. Feed a different maxWidth per line based on obstacle position. This enables magazine layouts, text flowing around images, and all the impressive community demos.

Progressive Enhancement

Always load Pretext as enhancement — the page should work without it. Use type="module" as a natural feature gate.

Vendoring (No Build Step)

If you don't use a bundler, bundle Pretext into a single ESM file with esbuild first. It ships as multiple ES modules with relative imports that won't work standalone.

Creative Demos & Advanced Patterns

The Patterns Reference also covers creative patterns from the community:

• Fluid ASCII art — full-screen fluid sim rendered as proportional ASCII characters
• 3D wireframe text — torus/sphere drawn through a character grid
• Text-based games — brick-breaker built entirely with Pretext text
• Splat editor — text wrapping around 3D objects in real time
• Dragon text reflow — text flowing around a moving 80-segment dragon
• Accessible editorial engine — WCAG-compliant magazine layout

All use the same core API (prepare + layout / layoutNextLine) — the difference is how creatively you use obstacle-aware line routing and per-frame reflow.

Performance Notes

• First prepare() per font: ~1-5ms (measures character segments)
• Subsequent prepare() with same font: fast (cached segments)
• Each layout() call: ~0.0002ms (pure arithmetic)
• 500 texts: ~19ms prepare, ~0.09ms layout
• Safe to call in requestAnimationFrame, scroll handlers, workers

Key Resources

• GitHub: https://github.com/chenglou/pretext
• Official demos: https://chenglou.me/pretext/
• Community showcase (70+ projects): https://pretextwall.xyz/
• Curated collection: https://www.pretext.cool/