Edge case and state analysis

Edge Case & State Analysis (Deep)

Auxiliary depth skill for passes 1 (correctness), 3 (tests), 4 (errorHandling). Pair with the pass domain skill.

Go deep on triggers and state. This skill finds how bugs happen — your pass contract decides how to score them (logic bug vs missing test vs silent failure).

When to apply

• Branching, flags, enums, status fields
• Retries, queues, webhooks, async callbacks
• Caching, invalidation, read-your-writes
• Permissions/roles checked then used later (timing)
• Batch, pagination, cursor, streaming
• Init/shutdown, subscribe/unsubscribe

Depth checklist

Boundary inputs

Class	Examples to trace
Empty	[], {}, "", no rows, first page empty
Extremes	max length, max int, zero quantity, negative where unsigned expected
Missing	optional field absent vs null vs undefined vs wrong type
Duplicate	double click, replayed idempotency key, duplicate message
Malformed	parse succeeds but semantic garbage reaches logic

Respect validation: don't invent states ruled out upstream unless you prove validator bypass.

State machines

• Draw states and transitions mentally or inline in finding
• Impossible state reachable? (PAID + CANCELLED)
• Skipped transition? (DRAFT → SHIPPED without PAY)
• Terminal state re-entered?
• Stale flag after async gap

Idempotency & duplication

• Same request twice — same outcome or corrupt?
• Webhook redelivery, at-least-once queue consumption
• Client retry after timeout — server already applied?

Ordering & races

• Response B arrives before A; UI or handler assumes order
• Delete during fetch; update during delete
• Cache read between write and invalidate
• check-then-act without lock

Concurrency

• Shared map/array mutated from parallel tasks
• Non-atomic read-modify-write on counter/balance
• Timer/interval not cleared; listener leak changes behavior over time

Partial failure

• 3 of 10 items succeed — what's the aggregate state?
• Rollback partial? Compensation? User sees what?
• Cancel mid-flight — resources cleaned?

Authorization timing

• Role checked at T0, resource ownership changes at T1, action at T2
• Token valid but session revoked

Score within your category:

• pass 1: wrong state / wrong result
• pass 3: no test for transition X→Y under event Z
• pass 4: failure during X→Y not surfaced

Other categories → deferToLaterPasses.

Trigger path template (required for scored findings)

Trigger: [concrete input/event sequence]
Path: [A → branch B → state C → outcome D]
Impact: [in YOUR pass category vocabulary]

Example (pass 1):

Trigger: double POST /checkout with same Idempotency-Key within 200ms
Path: handler1 read none → create; handler2 read none → create (race)
Impact: duplicate charge records (correctness)

Example (pass 3):

Trigger: (same)
Path: no test uses parallel requests with same key
Impact: regression class untested (tests)

Severity (category-neutral trigger quality)

• Strong: reproducible sequence, realistic timing/concurrency
• Medium: plausible single-thread edge
• Weak: requires impossible input → openQuestions only

Techniques

Timeline sketch

T0 user clicks Pay
T1 request A in flight
T2 user clicks Cancel
T3 A completes, C completes — final state?

Invariant check

"What must never happen?" — hunt for path that violates it.

Pairwise branches

When A and B each have 2 outcomes, consider combinations (especially async).

Rules

1. Prefer one proven trigger over five vague "what if"s
2. Respect types, validators, framework guarantees — cite when dismissing
3. Don't label as security finding in pass 1 — defer exploitable auth bypass to pass 2
4. Depth here supports domain skill — use both together