Adversarial verify

<EXTREMELY-IMPORTANT> Verification only works if the verifiers can actually FAIL the claim. Non-negotiable: 1. Verifiers must be INDEPENDENT and ADVERSARIAL — each is told to REFUTE, not to confirm. A verifier prompted to "check if this is right" rubber-stamps; one prompted to "prove this is wrong" finds the hole. Default-to-refuted on uncertainty. 2. FAIL CLOSED. If verifiers can't reach the majority-survive bar, the claim is REJECTED (or, for a "clean" claim, NOT clean). A tie or an ambiguous result is a rejection, never a pass. Never upgrade an unproven claim to verified to keep a loop moving. 3. Verifiers get ground truth, not just the assertion — the actual code/diff/repro, so they check reality, not the claimant's summary. A verifier that only reads the claim can't refute it. 4. NEVER let the claimant verify itself. The agent that produced the finding cannot be one of its skeptics — independence is the whole point. 5. Report the vote honestly: survivors, rejections, and WHY each was refuted. A rejected finding is a real result (a false positive caught), not a gap to hide. </EXTREMELY-IMPORTANT>

Adversarial Verify

Inputs

• $claim: The thing to verify — a single finding, a fix to confirm, a verdict to stress, or a path to a list of findings to gate in bulk.

Goal

Decide, cheaply and honestly, whether a claim is real enough to act on — by giving independent skeptics the ground truth and a mandate to break it, then trusting the claim only if it survives. The output is a verdict per claim (survived / rejected) plus the reasons, so the caller acts on verified items only.

Step 1: Frame each claim as a refutable proposition

A claim you can't refute isn't verifiable — sharpen it first. Turn each finding into a concrete proposition with a falsifiable failure scenario:

• vague: "there might be a race in the pool" → refutable: "concurrent acquire() past max returns a connection already lent out — under N parallel callers, two get the same handle."
• vague: "this is safe to ship" → refutable: "no enabled gate is red AND no untested path mutates money AND the final validate exits 0."

Attach the ground truth each verifier needs: the file:line, the diff, the repro command, the relevant invariant. A proposition + its evidence is what gets voted on.

Success criteria: every claim is a falsifiable statement with the evidence a skeptic needs to test it.

Step 2: Choose the verifier panel — count and lenses

• Count (N): scale to the cost of being wrong. Low-stakes / cheap-to-reverse → N=1. Default → N=3. Expensive or irreversible (a security claim, a go-live verdict, a broad migration) → N=5. Odd N avoids ties.
• Lenses: if the claim can fail in more than one way, give each verifier a DISTINCT lens instead of N identical skeptics — diversity catches what redundancy can't:
  • correctness — is the logic actually wrong / the fix actually right?
  • reproduction — does the failing scenario actually occur? build the concrete input and trace it.
  • security — trust boundary, injection, authz, secret exposure.
  • regression — does the fix/optimization break something else or change behavior?
  • measurement (for perf claims) — does the benchmark actually show the win, apples-to-apples? Use identical refuters only when the claim has a single failure mode.

Success criteria: N and the lens assignment are chosen and justified by the claim's stakes and failure modes.

Step 3: Run the panel — independent, adversarial, evidence-based

Spawn the verifiers in parallel (single message / parallel() in a Workflow). Each verifier prompt MUST:

• state the proposition and hand over the ground truth (code/diff/repro), not just the claim text;
• assign the lens ("verify via the SECURITY lens");
• instruct: try to REFUTE this. Default to refuted=true if you cannot positively confirm it. Build the counterexample; run the repro if one exists; read the actual code path;
• return a structured verdict: { refuted: bool, confidence, evidence, counterexample? }.

Never include the originating claimant among the verifiers. For a bulk list, fan out per finding (see fan-out-work) with the panel nested per item.

Success criteria: N independent, evidence-grounded verdicts per claim, each with a reason.

Step 4: Tally with a fail-closed rule

A claim survives only if a majority of verifiers fail to refute it (refuted=false). Otherwise it is rejected. Fail-closed specifics:

• ties and "insufficient evidence" → rejected (for a defect claim: dropped; for a "clean/safe" claim: NOT clean — treat as an open concern).
• a single high-confidence refutation with a concrete counterexample can override a bare-assertion majority — a proven break beats unproven confirmations. Weigh evidence, not just headcount.
• dead/empty/timed-out verifiers do NOT count as "didn't refute" — a gate that didn't run is not a pass; re-run or treat as rejected.

Success criteria: each claim is survived/rejected by an explicit, fail-closed tally.

Step 5: Return verified items + the rejection ledger

Hand back:

• survivors — the verified claims, safe to act on, with the evidence that held up.
• rejections — each refuted claim with its counterexample. This is a first-class result: a rejected finding is a false positive you just prevented from driving a bad edit; a rejected "safe to ship" is a gate you just kept honest.

The caller acts ONLY on survivors, and — for a clean-verdict use — treats any rejection as blocking.

Success criteria: the caller gets a clean survived/rejected split with reasons; nothing unproven is labeled verified.

Guardrails

• Never prompt verifiers to "confirm"; always to "refute". The framing is the mechanism.
• Never let the claimant sit on its own panel.
• Never pass only the claim text — pass the ground truth or the verifier can't actually test it.
• Never count a tie, an abstention, or a dead verifier as a survival. Fail closed.
• Never re-verify already machine-proven facts (a green test, a zero exit) — that's proven; save the tokens for the unproven claims.
• Never hide rejections — they're the evidence the gate is working.
• Scale N to stakes; don't run a 5-skeptic panel on a cosmetic lint finding, and don't run N=1 on a go-live verdict.

When To Load References

• references/verify-patterns.md The Workflow-tool shapes (per-finding panel, dual-lens verify, majority-refute tally, bulk gating over a findings list), verifier prompt templates per lens, and the evidence-over-headcount weighting rule. Load when gating more than one claim or wiring verification into a phase skill.

Output Contract

Report:

1. claims in → panel used (N + lenses) per claim
2. survived vs rejected, with the reason/counterexample for each rejection
3. for a clean-verdict use: the verdict, and any rejection that blocks it
4. what the caller should act on (survivors only)