Gradients

CSS Gradients

Patterns and principles for building gradients in web design. Covers all gradient types, color space selection, layering, performance, and common recipes.

Based on jakub.kr/work/gradients.

Color Space — Pick the Right One

Default CSS uses sRGB. You almost always want something better.

Color Space	Interpolation	Gamut	When to use
sRGB	Linear (straight-line)	sRGB	Legacy, simple two-color fades
oklab	Linear (straight-line)	Display P-3	Smooth transitions without hue shifts — good default
oklch	Circular (hue is angular)	Display P-3	Vibrant, rainbow-like transitions — watch for unexpected intermediate hues

Tailwind v4 defaults to oklab for gradients. Override per-element when needed:

<div class="bg-linear-to-r/oklch from-red-500 to-blue-500" />

CSS syntax — add in <color-space> after the gradient function:

background: linear-gradient(in oklch, blue, red);
background: linear-gradient(in oklab 135deg, #3b82f6, #8b5cf6);

Rule of thumb: Use oklab as your default. Switch to oklch when you want the gradient to pass through more hues (rainbow effects, color wheel). Avoid raw sRGB unless matching a specific legacy design.

Linear Gradients

Most common type. Colors blend along a straight line.

/* Direction via keywords */
background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, blue, red);

/* Direction via angle (clockwise from top) */
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #3b82f6, #8b5cf6);

/* Explicit color stops */
background: linear-gradient(to bottom, blue 25%, red 75%);

/* Sharp edge — stops at same position */
background: linear-gradient(to bottom, blue 50%, red 50%);

Repeating

background: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, blue 0 10px, red 10px 20px);

Diamond (non-native, layered)

background:
  linear-gradient(to bottom right, #fff 0%, #999 50%) bottom right / 50% 50% no-repeat,
  linear-gradient(to bottom left, #fff 0%, #999 50%) bottom left / 50% 50% no-repeat,
  linear-gradient(to top left, #fff 0%, #999 50%) top left / 50% 50% no-repeat,
  linear-gradient(to top right, #fff 0%, #999 50%) top right / 50% 50% no-repeat;

Radial Gradients

Radiate outward from a center point. Use for glows, spotlights, depth.

/* Basic */
background: radial-gradient(circle, blue, red);

/* Position + size */
background: radial-gradient(circle closest-side at 70% 30%, blue, red);

/* Ellipse stretches with container */
background: radial-gradient(ellipse farthest-corner at center, #3b82f6, transparent);

Size keywords: closest-side, closest-corner, farthest-side, farthest-corner (default).

Glow effect recipe

background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 50%, oklch(0.7 0.15 250 / 0.4), transparent 70%);

Conic Gradients

Rotate around a center point like a color wheel. Good for charts, rings, animated borders.

/* Basic */
background: conic-gradient(blue, red);

/* Starting angle + position */
background: conic-gradient(from 90deg at 50% 50%, blue, red);

/* Hard-edge pie chart */
background: conic-gradient(
  purple 0deg 120deg,
  red 120deg 240deg,
  blue 240deg 360deg
);

/* Repeating pattern */
background: repeating-conic-gradient(from 0deg, #000 0deg 20deg, #fff 20deg 40deg);

Color Hints (Transition Midpoints)

Control where the blend midpoint falls between two stops. This is not a color stop — it shifts the interpolation curve.

/* Midpoint at 30% — red transitions faster, blue dominates */
background: linear-gradient(to right, red, 30%, blue);

/* Multiple hints */
background: linear-gradient(to right, red, 30%, blue, 70%, green);

Use hints to create eased, non-linear-feeling gradients without adding extra color stops.

Gradient Layering + Blend Modes

Stack gradients with commas. Add background-blend-mode for complex effects.

.layered {
  background:
    linear-gradient(
      in oklch 135deg,
      oklch(0.75 0.18 280),
      oklch(0.8 0.15 80),
      oklch(0.75 0.18 320)
    ),
    conic-gradient(
      in oklch from 180deg,
      oklch(0.7 0.12 200 / 0.3),
      oklch(0.7 0.12 340 / 0.3),
      oklch(0.7 0.12 200 / 0.3)
    );
  background-blend-mode: overlay, color-dodge;
}

Useful blend modes for gradients: overlay, color-dodge, multiply, soft-light, screen.

Performance

Gradients are GPU-accelerated. What matters is what you animate.

Cheap to animate	Expensive to animate
background-position	Changing color stops
background-size	Adding/removing layers
opacity	Switching gradient type

Pattern: Animate pseudo-element overlays or CSS custom properties rather than rewriting gradient definitions.

/* Animate position instead of colors */
.animated-gradient {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #3b82f6, #8b5cf6, #3b82f6);
  background-size: 200% 100%;
  animation: shift 3s ease infinite;
}

@keyframes shift {
  0% { background-position: 0% 50%; }
  100% { background-position: 100% 50%; }
}

Common Recipes

Subtle section background

background: linear-gradient(in oklab to bottom, oklch(0.97 0.01 250), oklch(0.99 0.005 280));

Glowing orb behind content

.glow {
  position: relative;
}
.glow::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: -20%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, oklch(0.6 0.2 270 / 0.3), transparent 70%);
  z-index: -1;
  filter: blur(60px);
}

Animated border ring

.ring {
  background: conic-gradient(from var(--angle), #3b82f6, #8b5cf6, #ec4899, #3b82f6);
  animation: spin 4s linear infinite;
}
@property --angle {
  syntax: '<angle>';
  initial-value: 0deg;
  inherits: false;
}
@keyframes spin {
  to { --angle: 360deg; }
}

Text gradient

.gradient-text {
  background: linear-gradient(in oklch 90deg, #3b82f6, #8b5cf6);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
}

Noise texture overlay

.noisy-gradient {
  background:
    url('/noise.svg'),
    linear-gradient(in oklab 135deg, #1e1b4b, #312e81);
  background-blend-mode: overlay;
}

Mistakes to Avoid

• Using sRGB by default when oklab produces smoother results
• Muddy mid-tones from blending complementary colors in sRGB — switch to oklab or oklch
• Animating color stop values directly — animate background-position or background-size instead
• Forgetting transparent is rgba(0,0,0,0) in sRGB — in oklch use oklch(0 0 0 / 0) to avoid dark bands
• Overusing gradients — one or two well-placed gradients is usually enough
• No fallback for @property — older browsers won't animate CSS custom properties