Frontend web

🌐 繁體中文（canonical） · English mirror

React / Next.js Frontend Judgment Handbook

Core Principles

1. A green dev server proves nothing: hydration, env-var injection, bundle size, SEO metadata, and minification only show their true behavior under next build && next start — any change on the production path must be verified with a production build.
2. Remote data and UI state are two different things: server state (from an API/DB — it goes stale, needs caching, needs refetching) belongs to React Query/SWR; client state (pure view toggles, input fields) uses useState/zustand. Mixing the two is the root of most "data out of sync" bugs.
3. Put state at the lowest layer that uses it: default to local, lift only when it hurts, go global last. Reaching for a global store too early is entropy, not architecture.
4. A re-render is a symptom, not the disease: first use the Profiler to measure which component re-renders and why, then decide whether to memo; scattering useMemo/useCallback on gut feel is just noise.
5. Anything that enters the client bundle is visible to the user: NEXT_PUBLIC_-prefixed variables, strings hardcoded into components, whole libraries imported into a Client Component — assume it is public first, then prove it deserves to be public.

Task Triage

Situation	Path	Read first
New screen/feature	First decide where data comes from, who owns state, what needs "use client", then write the UI	references/architecture-state.md
Write/change a component, extract a component, styling	First settle the semantic boundary and props contract, then act	references/components-styling.md
Janky screen, too many re-renders, oversized bundle	Do not scatter memo first — measure first	references/rendering-performance.md
Fetch remote data, caching, loading/error states	Separate server state from client state	references/architecture-state.md §1
Ship to production / deploy / diagnose "fine in dev, blows up in prod"	Run the mandatory checklist line by line	references/release-checklist.md
hydration mismatch, env vars, SEO	Assume a build-time difference first, do not thrash	references/release-checklist.md

Red Lines (Absolutely Forbidden)

• Never declare a release-relevant change done after verifying only on the dev server — hydration, NEXT_PUBLIC_ injection, bundle, minify, and metadata are all misrepresented in dev.
• Never prefix a secret (API key, DB connection string, private key) with NEXT_PUBLIC_ or hardcode it into a Client Component — it gets bundled into the JS, readable by any user, equivalent to publishing the secret.
• Never feed dangerouslySetInnerHTML a user-controllable string without sanitizing — that is direct XSS; a user's <script> will execute in someone else's browser.
• Never use an array index as the key of a list that will be inserted into / removed from / reordered — on insert or sort React mismatches the DOM, so input-field contents jump to the wrong row and checkbox states end up on the wrong item.
• Never read window/localStorage/Date.now()/Math.random() directly during render to decide output — the server has no such value or a different one, causing a hydration mismatch that makes the whole tree get thrown away and re-rendered on the client.
• Never loosen tests/type checks to turn CI green — two red runs in a row is a wrong-direction signal; back up to the previous decision point, do not comment out the assertion.

Failure Signals (Back Up, Don't Retry)

Symptom	Usually means	Back up to
It took a pile of useMemo/useCallback to stop the jank	Upstream passes unstable props, or state sits too high	Use the Profiler to find the real re-render source, re-examine the state layer
Every component needs a useEffect to sync its own copy of the data	Server state got stuffed into useState	Switch to React Query/SWR as the single source of truth
More and more suppressHydrationWarning being added	Server/client output is fundamentally inconsistent	Find the divergent value (Date/random/browser API) and move it into useEffect
Props drilled down 5 levels (prop drilling)	State should be lifted or moved to context/store	Re-examine who owns the state, don't keep drilling
Every change requires adding 'use client' one layer higher to stop the error	The client boundary is drawn wrong, dragging Server Component content down with it	Re-examine the boundary: only interactive leaf nodes need client
The same hydration error survives three rewrites	You are guessing without locating the divergent value	Read the component named in the console, diff server vs client HTML

References Index

• references/architecture-state.md — server vs client state boundary, which layer state lives in, Server/Client Component decisions, where data fetching happens. Read before touching architecture or a new feature.
• references/components-styling.md — when to extract a component, props contracts, controlled vs uncontrolled, CSS strategy, a11y red lines. Read before writing UI.
• references/rendering-performance.md — measure first, memo criteria, list keys, code splitting, images/fonts/CLS. Read when janky or the bundle is too large.
• references/release-checklist.md — env-var leaks, hydration diagnosis, SEO, real production-build testing, XSS, error boundaries, bundle thresholds. Tick off line by line before publishing.
• references/test-scenarios.md — the judgment test set, to verify an inheriting model follows the rules. Do not let a running model read it.