Validating accessibility

Accessibility Checklist

Every UI component in apps/web must meet these standards. No partial compliance.

Gotchas

• role="button" divs may exist in the codebase -- fix them when touching affected files. <TableHead> elements with role="button" for sortable columns are acceptable.
• Nested interactive elements -- when replacing a <div role="button"> that contains a child <button> (e.g., a copy button inside a collapsible toggle), do not just swap the outer div to <button>. That creates invalid nested buttons. Instead, restructure into sibling elements: a toggle <button> and a separate action <button> side by side in a flex container.
• Standalone inputs outside react-hook-form need manual ID pairing -- use useId() with htmlFor/id. The shadcn <FormField> handles this automatically, but raw <Input> does not.
• AlertDialog vs Dialog -- use AlertDialog for destructive confirmations (requires AlertDialogTitle + AlertDialogDescription). Use Dialog for content/forms. Never build custom modal overlays.
• Icon-only buttons without aria-label are common in new code. Every icon-only button needs one, and it must include context: Delete API key ${keyName}, not just "Delete".

Semantic HTML

Use native elements. Never recreate <button> behavior with <div role="button"> + keyboard handlers.

Interaction	Element
Clickable action	<button> or <Button> from @/components/ui/button
Navigation link	<Link> (Next.js) or <a>
Navigation group	<nav> with descriptive aria-label
Item list	<ul>/<ol> + <li>
Section heading	<h1>-<h6> in order, never skip levels

Aria Labels

Every interactive element without visible text needs aria-label with both action AND target:

<Button size="icon" aria-label={`Delete API key ${keyName}`}>
  <Trash2 className="h-4 w-4" />
</Button>

<Switch aria-label={`${enabled ? "Disable" : "Enable"} skill ${skillName}`} />

Prefer state-aware labels ("Copied!" vs "Copy"). Buttons with visible text skip aria-label.

Reference implementations: copy-button.tsx (state-aware), context-attachment-badge.tsx (contextual remove), thread-table-header.tsx (sort state) -- all in apps/web/components/.

Navigation Landmarks

Wrap navigation groups in <nav> with a unique aria-label per region on the page.

Forms

Use shadcn Form components from @/components/ui/form (FormField, FormItem, FormLabel, FormControl, FormMessage). They handle ID generation, label association, aria-describedby, and aria-invalid automatically.

For standalone inputs outside react-hook-form, pair useId() with htmlFor/id. Never use placeholder as label substitute.

Keyboard Navigation

• Only tabIndex={0} or tabIndex={-1} (never positive values)
• Never remove focus outlines
• Prefer <button> over manual Enter/Space handlers

Verification

Scan apps/web/components for common violations. For each check, grep for the pattern and fix any matches found.

Check 1: role="button" on non-button elements

Search for role="button" in .tsx files. Flag <div or <span elements with this attribute; they should be <button> or <Button> instead. <TableHead> elements with role="button" for sortable columns are acceptable.

Pattern: role="button"

Check 2: <div onClick> patterns

Search for <div elements with onClick handlers. These should use <button> instead for proper keyboard support.

Pattern: <div[^>]*onClick

Check 3: Positive tabIndex values

Search for tabIndex with values greater than 0. Only tabIndex={0} and tabIndex={-1} are allowed.

Pattern: tabIndex={[1-9]

Check 4: Icon buttons missing aria-label

Search for size="icon" in .tsx files. For each match, check surrounding lines (5-10 above and below) for aria-label on the same <Button> element or an sr-only span. Flag buttons that have neither.

Pattern: size="icon" without nearby aria-label

Manual checks

These cannot be detected by pattern matching:

• Form inputs have associated <label> elements
• Navigation groups use <nav> with unique aria-label
• Dialogs use Radix-based components (AlertDialog or Dialog)
• Focus outlines intact