Electron desktop builder

Electron Desktop Builder

Role

You convert existing web applications into Electron desktop apps. You generate all necessary files, modify existing configs, and produce a working first build.

Companion skill: electron-desktop-builds handles troubleshooting, diagnostics, and repair when builds fail.

When to use each:

• This skill → Starting from scratch, first Electron setup, converting a web app
• electron-desktop-builds → Build fails, black screen, icons wrong, packaging errors

---

Step 1 — Detect Project Type

Read package.json and key config files to determine:

1. Framework: Express, Vite, Next.js, Create React App, static
2. "type": "module" or "commonjs"?
3. Backend: Does the app have a server? (Express routes, API endpoints)
4. Build tool: Vite, webpack, esbuild, tsc
5. Existing Electron: Is there already an electron/ folder?
6. Icons: Does a logo exist? (SVG, PNG, ICO)

Project types and their Electron approach:

Type	Approach	Window loads
Express + React (SSR/API)	Embed Express in main process	http://localhost:PORT
Vite/CRA (static client)	Serve from file system	file://dist/index.html
Next.js	Embed server or export static	Depends on config

If the project has a backend server (Express, Fastify, etc.), the server must be embedded inside Electron's main process on 127.0.0.1 with a random port.

---

Step 2 — Collect Parameters

Ask the user or infer from context:

Parameter	Default	Example
App name	From package.json name	smart-prompter
Product name	Capitalize app name + (Beta)	Smart Prompter (Beta)
App ID	com.{org}.{name}	com.smartpromptingsuite.prompter
Version	From package.json	1.0.0-beta
Install path	C:\{Suite}\{app}	C:\Smart Prompting Suite\smart-prompter
Window size	1280x850	Customizable
Has backend	Auto-detect	true if Express found
Icon source	Auto-detect	logo.svg, icon.png, etc.
Platforms	Windows NSIS	Can add Mac/Linux

---

Step 3 — Create electron/ Directory

3a — electron/tsconfig.json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ESNext",
    "module": "commonjs",
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "outDir": "../dist-electron",
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
    "strict": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true
  },
  "include": ["."]
}

3b — electron/preload.ts

Minimal context bridge. Always include:

contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electron', {
  isElectron: true,
  platform: process.platform,
  minimizeWindow: () => ipcRenderer.invoke('minimize-window'),
  closeWindow: () => ipcRenderer.invoke('close-window'),
  quitApp: () => ipcRenderer.invoke('quit-app'),
  openExternal: (url: string) => ipcRenderer.invoke('open-external', url),
  getAppVersion: () => ipcRenderer.invoke('get-app-version'),
});

Add domain-specific IPC handlers as needed (recording, panels, vault, etc.).

3c — electron/main.ts

The main process follows this structure (all sections are required unless marked optional):

Section 1 — Splash screen (optional)

const splashLoaderPath = app.isPackaged
  ? path.join(process.resourcesPath, 'splash', 'splash-loader.js')
  : path.join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'shared', 'splash', 'splash-loader.js');
const { createSplashWindow, closeSplash } = require(splashLoaderPath);

Section 2 — Single instance lock (required)

const gotTheLock = app.requestSingleInstanceLock();
if (!gotTheLock) { app.quit(); }
else { app.on('second-instance', () => { /* focus existing window */ }); }

Section 3 — App data path (required)

const appPath = app.isPackaged
  ? path.dirname(app.getPath('exe'))
  : path.join(__dirname, '..');
app.setPath('userData', appPath);

Section 4 — Port finder (only if embedding server)

function findFreePort(): Promise<number> {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const server = net.createServer();
    server.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', () => {
      const addr = server.address();
      if (addr && typeof addr === 'object') {
        server.close(() => resolve(addr.port));
      } else { server.close(() => reject(new Error('No port'))); }
    });
  });
}

Section 5 — Icon helpers (required)

function getAssetPath(filename: string): string {
  return app.isPackaged
    ? path.join(process.resourcesPath, 'assets', filename)
    : path.join(app.getAppPath(), 'assets', filename);
}

Section 6 — createMainWindow() (required)

• BrowserWindow with preload, contextIsolation, no nodeIntegration
• Load URL: http://localhost:${port} (server) or file://${dist}/index.html (static)
• show: false until ready-to-show
• Close hides to tray unless isQuitting

Section 7 — createTray() (recommended)

• Context menu: Show + Quit
• Click toggles visibility

Section 8 — app.whenReady() (required)

1. Ensure data directories
2. Set environment variables (NODE_ENV, DATA_DIR, ELECTRON_MAIN)
3. Show splash (optional)
4. Start embedded server (if applicable)
5. Create window and tray
6. Register IPC handlers

Section 9 — IPC handlers (required)

• minimize-window, close-window, quit-app, open-external, get-app-version
• Add domain-specific handlers as needed

Section 10 — Lifecycle (required)

• before-quit: set isQuitting
• window-all-closed: quit on non-darwin
• activate: recreate window if none

---

Step 4 — Generate Icon Assets

Icons are needed in multiple sizes for Windows:

File	Size	Usage
icon.png	512x512	Splash screen, app store
icon16x16.ico	16x16	Tray icon
icon32x32.ico	32x32	Small displays
icon48x48.ico	48x48	Medium displays
icon256x256.ico	256x256	Window, installer, taskbar

Generation script (script/generate-icons.cjs):

Requires sharp and to-ico as dev dependencies. Converts SVG or PNG source to all required sizes. See templates/generate-icons.cjs for the reusable script.

---

Step 5 — Create installer.nsh

NSIS installer config for custom install path:

!macro preInit
  SetRegView 64
  WriteRegExpandStr HKLM "${INSTALL_REGISTRY_KEY}" InstallLocation "{{INSTALL_PATH}}"
  WriteRegExpandStr HKCU "${INSTALL_REGISTRY_KEY}" InstallLocation "{{INSTALL_PATH}}"
!macroend

!macro customInit
  StrCpy $INSTDIR "{{INSTALL_PATH}}"
!macroend

Replace {{INSTALL_PATH}} with the target (e.g., C:\Smart Prompting Suite\smart-prompter).

---

Step 6 — Modify package.json

Metadata

{
  "name": "{{APP_NAME}}",
  "version": "{{VERSION}}",
  "description": "{{DESCRIPTION}}",
  "main": "dist-electron/main.js"
}

Scripts

{
  "electron:dev": "npm run build && electron .",
  "electron:build": "npm run build && electron-builder --win nsis && node \"../scripts/fix-exe-icon.js\""
}

Dev dependencies

{
  "electron": "^39.8.6",
  "electron-builder": "^26.1.0"
}

Build config

{
  "build": {
    "appId": "{{APP_ID}}",
    "productName": "{{PRODUCT_NAME}}",
    "directories": { "output": "release" },
    "files": ["dist-electron/**/*", "dist/**/*", "node_modules/**/*"],
    "extraResources": ["assets/**/*"],
    "win": {
      "target": ["nsis"],
      "icon": "assets/icon256x256.ico",
      "signAndEditExecutable": false
    },
    "npmRebuild": false,
    "forceCodeSigning": false,
    "nsis": {
      "oneClick": false,
      "allowToChangeInstallationDirectory": true,
      "perMachine": true,
      "include": "installer.nsh",
      "createDesktopShortcut": true,
      "createStartMenuShortcut": true,
      "shortcutName": "{{SHORT_NAME}}",
      "artifactName": "${productName} Setup.${ext}"
    }
  }
}

---

Step 7 — Modify Build Pipeline and Configs

vite.config.ts

Add base: './' for portable file paths.

.gitignore

Add dist-electron/ and release/.

Build script

After existing client/server build steps, add:

1. tsc -p electron/tsconfig.json
2. Write dist-electron/package.json with {"type": "commonjs"} (if root has "type": "module")

---

Step 8 — Modify Server (if Express Embedded)

The server entry point must:

1. Export startServer(opts?) function returning { httpServer, port }
2. Accept { port?: number, host?: string } options
3. Auto-start only when NOT in Electron: if (!process.env.ELECTRON_MAIN) { startServer(); }

This preserves the existing web mode unchanged.

---

Step 9 — First Build

npm install                  # Install electron + electron-builder
npm run build                # Compile everything (client + server + electron)
npm run electron:dev         # Test: should show splash → main window

Verification checklist

• Web mode (npm run dev) still works unchanged
• electron:dev shows splash then main window
• App is fully functional (API calls, streaming, data persistence)
• Tray icon visible with context menu
• Close button hides to tray (quit only from tray)
• Single instance lock prevents duplicate launches
• Data persists in data/ alongside the executable

---

Step 10 — Production Build

npm run electron:build       # Build + package + fix icon

Installer verification

• Setup.exe has correct icon
• Installs to correct path
• Desktop and Start Menu shortcuts created
• App launches from shortcut
• Uninstaller works

---

Common Issues → Use electron-desktop-builds

If any of these occur, switch to the companion skill:

• Build fails with dependency or packaging errors
• Black/white screen after launch
• Icons not showing in .exe, taskbar, or installer
• Code signing issues
• NSIS installer errors
• Native module compilation failures

See: electron-desktop-builds

---

Quick Reference: File Checklist

After running this skill, the project should have:

project/
├── electron/
│   ├── main.ts          ← NEW
│   ├── preload.ts       ← NEW
│   └── tsconfig.json    ← NEW
├── assets/
│   ├── icon.png         ← NEW (512x512)
│   ├── icon16x16.ico    ← NEW
│   ├── icon32x32.ico    ← NEW
│   ├── icon48x48.ico    ← NEW
│   └── icon256x256.ico  ← NEW
├── installer.nsh        ← NEW
├── package.json         ← MODIFIED (deps, scripts, build)
├── vite.config.ts       ← MODIFIED (base: './')
├── .gitignore           ← MODIFIED (dist-electron, release)
└── server/index.ts      ← MODIFIED (if Express embedded)