Electron scaffold

Electron Application Scaffolding

Create production-ready Electron applications with security, performance, and native platform integration best practices built in from the start.

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when:

• User wants to create a new Electron desktop application
• User needs to scaffold an Electron project with modern best practices
• User wants a native-looking cross-platform desktop app
• User mentions "Electron app", "desktop app", "cross-platform app", or similar
• User wants to modernize an existing Electron project structure

Prerequisites Check

Before scaffolding, verify:

1. Node.js: Check Node.js version (18.x or higher recommended)

   node --version
   

2. npm or yarn: Verify package manager is available

   npm --version
   

3. Git: Ensure git is available for version control

   git --version
   

Architecture Decision Points

1. Build Tooling Choice

Ask the user which build system they prefer (or recommend based on use case):

Electron Forge (Recommended for most projects)

• All-in-one tooling solution
• Built-in TypeScript support
• Easy plugin system
• Great for: Most new projects, teams wanting batteries-included setup

Electron Builder

• Highly configurable
• Excellent multi-platform packaging
• Auto-update support
• Great for: Complex build requirements, specific packaging needs

Vite + Electron

• Fastest development experience
• Modern ESM-first approach
• Hot module replacement
• Great for: Modern web frameworks (React, Vue, Svelte), speed-focused development

2. Frontend Framework

Determine the UI framework:

• Vanilla JS/TypeScript: Lightest, full control
• React: Most popular, large ecosystem
• Vue: Progressive, easy to learn
• Svelte: Smallest bundle, compile-time framework
• Angular: Enterprise-ready, opinionated

3. TypeScript vs JavaScript

Strongly recommend TypeScript for:

• Better IDE support and autocomplete
• Catch errors at compile time
• Better maintainability
• Electron API typing support

Workflow

Step 1: Project Initialization

Based on tooling choice, initialize the project:

For Electron Forge (Recommended):

npm init electron-app@latest <app-name> -- --template=webpack-typescript

For Vite + Electron:

npm create @quick-start/electron <app-name>

For custom setup: Create package.json with proper dependencies (see templates).

Step 2: Project Structure Setup

Create a well-organized project structure:

<app-name>/
├── src/
│   ├── main/              # Main process
│   │   ├── main.ts        # Entry point
│   │   ├── ipc/           # IPC handlers
│   │   ├── menu.ts        # Native menu
│   │   └── tray.ts        # System tray (if needed)
│   ├── preload/           # Preload scripts
│   │   └── preload.ts     # Context bridge
│   ├── renderer/          # Renderer process
│   │   ├── index.html
│   │   ├── index.ts
│   │   └── styles/
│   └── shared/            # Shared types/utilities
│       └── types.ts
├── assets/                # Icons, images
├── resources/             # Build resources
├── dist/                  # Build output
├── package.json
├── tsconfig.json
└── electron-builder.yml   # or forge.config.js

Step 3: Security Configuration

CRITICAL: Implement security best practices from the start.

1. BrowserWindow Security Options:

const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
  width: 1200,
  height: 800,
  webPreferences: {
    // Security: Use preload scripts instead of nodeIntegration
    nodeIntegration: false,
    // Security: Isolate context between web content and preload
    contextIsolation: true,
    // Security: Disable remote module
    enableRemoteModule: false,
    // Security: Use sandboxed renderer
    sandbox: true,
    // Preload script for safe IPC
    preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js'),
    // Security: Disable web security only in development if needed
    webSecurity: true,
    // Security: Disable navigation
    allowRunningInsecureContent: false,
  },
});

2. Content Security Policy (CSP):

// In main process or HTML meta tag
session.defaultSession.webRequest.onHeadersReceived((details, callback) => {
  callback({
    responseHeaders: {
      ...details.responseHeaders,
      'Content-Security-Policy': [
        "default-src 'self'",
        "script-src 'self'",
        "style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'",
        "img-src 'self' data: https:",
        "connect-src 'self'",
      ].join('; '),
    },
  });
});

3. Context Bridge (preload.ts):

import { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } from 'electron';

// Expose protected methods that allow the renderer process to use
// the ipcRenderer without exposing the entire object
contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electronAPI', {
  // Invoke pattern (request-response)
  getAppVersion: () => ipcRenderer.invoke('app:get-version'),

  // Send pattern (one-way)
  logMessage: (message: string) => ipcRenderer.send('log:message', message),

  // Listener pattern (for receiving events)
  onUpdateAvailable: (callback: (info: any) => void) => {
    ipcRenderer.on('update:available', (_event, info) => callback(info));
  },

  // Remove listener
  removeUpdateListener: () => {
    ipcRenderer.removeAllListeners('update:available');
  },
});

4. IPC Security Pattern:

// main/ipc/handlers.ts
import { ipcMain } from 'electron';

// Use invoke/handle pattern for request-response
ipcMain.handle('app:get-version', async () => {
  return app.getVersion();
});

// Validate and sanitize all inputs
ipcMain.handle('file:read', async (_event, filePath: string) => {
  // Validate path is within allowed directories
  const allowedDir = app.getPath('userData');
  const resolvedPath = path.resolve(filePath);

  if (!resolvedPath.startsWith(allowedDir)) {
    throw new Error('Access denied');
  }

  return fs.readFile(resolvedPath, 'utf-8');
});

Step 4: Native UI Elements

Create native-looking UI components:

1. Application Menu:

// main/menu.ts
import { Menu, shell } from 'electron';

export function createApplicationMenu(mainWindow: BrowserWindow) {
  const template: MenuItemConstructorOptions[] = [
    {
      label: 'File',
      submenu: [
        {
          label: 'New',
          accelerator: 'CmdOrCtrl+N',
          click: () => mainWindow.webContents.send('file:new'),
        },
        { type: 'separator' },
        { role: 'quit' },
      ],
    },
    {
      label: 'Edit',
      submenu: [
        { role: 'undo' },
        { role: 'redo' },
        { type: 'separator' },
        { role: 'cut' },
        { role: 'copy' },
        { role: 'paste' },
      ],
    },
    {
      label: 'View',
      submenu: [
        { role: 'reload' },
        { role: 'forceReload' },
        { role: 'toggleDevTools' },
        { type: 'separator' },
        { role: 'resetZoom' },
        { role: 'zoomIn' },
        { role: 'zoomOut' },
        { type: 'separator' },
        { role: 'togglefullscreen' },
      ],
    },
    {
      label: 'Help',
      submenu: [
        {
          label: 'Learn More',
          click: async () => {
            await shell.openExternal('https://electronjs.org');
          },
        },
      ],
    },
  ];

  const menu = Menu.buildFromTemplate(template);
  Menu.setApplicationMenu(menu);
}

2. System Tray (Optional):

// main/tray.ts
import { Tray, Menu, nativeImage } from 'electron';

export function createTray(mainWindow: BrowserWindow) {
  const icon = nativeImage.createFromPath(
    path.join(__dirname, '../assets/tray-icon.png')
  );

  const tray = new Tray(icon);

  const contextMenu = Menu.buildFromTemplate([
    {
      label: 'Show App',
      click: () => {
        mainWindow.show();
      },
    },
    {
      label: 'Quit',
      click: () => {
        app.quit();
      },
    },
  ]);

  tray.setContextMenu(contextMenu);
  tray.setToolTip('My Electron App');

  return tray;
}

Step 5: Development Environment Setup

1. Hot Reload Configuration:

// main.ts
const isDevelopment = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development';

if (isDevelopment) {
  mainWindow.loadURL('http://localhost:5173'); // Vite dev server
  mainWindow.webContents.openDevTools();
} else {
  mainWindow.loadFile(path.join(__dirname, '../renderer/index.html'));
}

2. Package.json Scripts:

{
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "concurrently \"npm:dev:*\"",
    "dev:vite": "vite",
    "dev:electron": "electron .",
    "build": "npm run build:renderer && npm run build:main",
    "build:renderer": "vite build",
    "build:main": "tsc -p tsconfig.main.json",
    "package": "electron-builder",
    "package:all": "electron-builder -mwl",
    "lint": "eslint src --ext .ts,.tsx",
    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit"
  }
}

Step 6: Auto-Update Configuration

Implement automatic updates using electron-updater:

1. Install Dependencies:

npm install electron-updater

2. Update Configuration:

// main/updater.ts
import { autoUpdater } from 'electron-updater';

export function setupAutoUpdater(mainWindow: BrowserWindow) {
  // Configure update server
  autoUpdater.setFeedURL({
    provider: 'github',
    owner: 'your-username',
    repo: 'your-repo',
  });

  // Check for updates on startup
  autoUpdater.checkForUpdatesAndNotify();

  // Update events
  autoUpdater.on('update-available', (info) => {
    mainWindow.webContents.send('update:available', info);
  });

  autoUpdater.on('update-downloaded', (info) => {
    mainWindow.webContents.send('update:downloaded', info);
  });

  autoUpdater.on('error', (err) => {
    mainWindow.webContents.send('update:error', err);
  });
}

3. electron-builder Configuration:

# electron-builder.yml
appId: com.yourcompany.yourapp
productName: YourApp
directories:
  output: dist
  buildResources: resources
files:
  - src/**/*
  - package.json
mac:
  category: public.app-category.productivity
  target:
    - dmg
    - zip
  hardenedRuntime: true
  gatekeeperAssess: false
  entitlements: resources/entitlements.mac.plist
win:
  target:
    - nsis
    - portable
  publisherName: Your Company
linux:
  target:
    - AppImage
    - deb
  category: Utility
publish:
  provider: github
  owner: your-username
  repo: your-repo

Step 7: TypeScript Configuration

tsconfig.json:

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES2020",
    "module": "commonjs",
    "lib": ["ES2020", "DOM"],
    "strict": true,
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "resolveJsonModule": true,
    "outDir": "./dist",
    "rootDir": "./src",
    "types": ["node", "electron"]
  },
  "include": ["src/**/*"],
  "exclude": ["node_modules", "dist"]
}

Step 8: Build and Package

Development:

npm run dev

Production Build:

npm run build
npm run package

Multi-platform Build:

npm run package:all

Best Practices Checklist

When scaffolding, ensure these are implemented:

Security

• Context isolation enabled
• Node integration disabled in renderer
• Preload script with context bridge
• Content Security Policy configured
• Input validation on all IPC handlers
• Sandbox mode enabled
• Web security enabled
• Navigation and redirect guards

Performance

• Lazy loading for renderer modules
• Background throttling configured
• Memory management for large datasets
• Efficient IPC patterns (batch updates)
• Webpack/Vite optimization

User Experience

• Native application menu
• Keyboard shortcuts (accelerators)
• Window state persistence
• Proper icon set (all sizes)
• Splash screen (optional)
• Error boundaries
• Loading states

Developer Experience

• TypeScript configured
• Hot reload working
• DevTools available in development
• ESLint and Prettier setup
• Git hooks with Husky (optional)
• Source maps enabled

Distribution

• Auto-update configured
• Code signing setup (platform-specific)
• Build scripts for all platforms
• Proper app metadata
• License file included

Error Handling Patterns

Main Process Errors

process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
  console.error('Uncaught Exception:', error);
  // Log to file or error tracking service
  app.quit();
});

process.on('unhandledRejection', (reason) => {
  console.error('Unhandled Rejection:', reason);
});

Renderer Process Errors

window.addEventListener('error', (event) => {
  window.electronAPI.logError({
    message: event.error.message,
    stack: event.error.stack,
  });
});

window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => {
  window.electronAPI.logError({
    message: 'Unhandled Promise Rejection',
    reason: event.reason,
  });
});

Platform-Specific Considerations

macOS

• Use .icns icon format
• Implement dock menu
• Handle activate event (reopen window)
• Consider macOS-specific menu items (About, Preferences)
• Code signing required for distribution

Windows

• Use .ico icon format
• Handle Squirrel startup events
• Consider Windows toast notifications
• NSIS installer customization
• Code signing with certificate

Linux

• Use .png icon format
• Provide .desktop file
• Handle different package formats (deb, AppImage, snap)
• Test on multiple distributions

Example Scaffolds

Minimal TypeScript Setup

# Initialize with Forge
npm init electron-app@latest my-app -- --template=webpack-typescript

# Add security defaults
# Add IPC patterns
# Configure build

React + TypeScript + Vite

# Create with Vite template
npm create @quick-start/electron my-app -- --template react-ts

# Add security hardening
# Configure auto-update
# Add native menus

Production-Ready Full Setup

• Complete security configuration
• Auto-update with GitHub releases
• Native UI elements (menu, tray)
• Error tracking
• Analytics (optional)
• Crash reporting
• Multi-platform build pipeline

Tips for Success

1. Start Secure: Don't add security later—build it in from day one
2. Type Everything: Use TypeScript for both main and renderer processes
3. Test IPC Early: IPC issues are easier to debug early
4. Platform Test: Test on all target platforms regularly
5. Monitor Bundle Size: Keep renderer bundle optimized
6. Document IPC Contract: Maintain API documentation between processes
7. Version Control: Git ignore dist/, node_modules/, .env
8. Use Process Manager: Handle main process crashes gracefully
9. Implement Logging: Structured logging helps debug production issues
10. Plan Updates: Design update strategy before first release

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• ❌ Enabling nodeIntegration without good reason
• ❌ Skipping context isolation
• ❌ Loading remote content without validation
• ❌ Exposing entire IPC renderer to web content
• ❌ Ignoring security warnings in console
• ❌ Not testing on all target platforms
• ❌ Hardcoding file paths (use app.getPath())
• ❌ Forgetting to handle window state persistence
• ❌ Not implementing proper error boundaries
• ❌ Skipping code signing for distribution

Quick Start Command

For most users, recommend this command:

# Create app with TypeScript and Webpack
npm init electron-app@latest <app-name> -- --template=webpack-typescript

# Then apply security hardening, native UI, and build configuration

Reference Files

For detailed Electron API examples and configuration templates, see:

• references/electron-security.md - Security best practices
• references/ipc-patterns.md - IPC communication patterns
• references/build-config.md - Build and packaging configuration
• scripts/scaffold.sh - Automated scaffolding script

Post-Scaffold Checklist

After scaffolding, guide the user to:

1. ✅ Review and customize package.json metadata
2. ✅ Add application icons (all platforms)
3. ✅ Configure code signing certificates
4. ✅ Set up GitHub repository for auto-updates
5. ✅ Test hot reload and development workflow
6. ✅ Build for all target platforms
7. ✅ Test update mechanism
8. ✅ Review security settings
9. ✅ Add error tracking (Sentry, etc.)
10. ✅ Create user documentation

Version Compatibility

This skill targets:

• Electron: v28+ (latest stable)
• Node.js: v18+ LTS
• TypeScript: v5+
• Electron Forge: v7+
• Electron Builder: v24+

Always check the latest Electron documentation for breaking changes.