Layout
Skill rshankras/claude-code-apple-skills/skills/swiftui/layout
Claude Code skills for Apple platform development (iOS, macOS, iPadOS) — product validation, code generation, App Store optimization, and more
npx -y skills add rshankras/claude-code-apple-skills --skill layoutAssembled from the repository path, not quoted from the project. Check it against their README if it does not work.
What its author says it does
Copied from the file, not written here
SwiftUI layout beyond stacks — the Layout protocol (when custom layout beats GeometryReader), Grid vs lazy grids, custom containers with sections and container values, and lazy-stack/ScrollView performance rules (what breaks laziness, prefetch discipline, scroll APIs). Use when building custom layouts or containers, fixing lazy-stack jank or memory growth, or wiring programmatic/snapping scrolling.
SKILL.md
7.0 KB, as published. Nobody here has run it
SwiftUI Layout & Containers
The layer between "stacks and spacers" and "it scrolls like butter with 100k rows" — Apple's
Layout protocol, container composition, and the lazy-stack rules from the WWDC26 deep dive.
View identity/data-flow questions route to swiftui/data-flow.
When This Skill Activates
- "Make these buttons equal width" / measurement-dependent layout
- Building a reusable container (custom List/board/carousel) that should accept ForEach + sections
- Lazy stack jank, memory growth, scroll-position bugs, broken scroll targeting
- Programmatic scrolling, paging/snapping, scroll-linked effects
- GeometryReader causing layout loops or mangled sizing
Custom Layout protocol (not GeometryReader)
Reach for a custom Layout whenever you must measure subviews and feed the measurement back
into layout — GeometryReader only measures its container and can't influence the engine.
Canonical case: equal-width buttons.
sizeThatFits: propose.unspecifiedto read each subview's ideal size (subviews.map { $0.sizeThatFits(.unspecified) }); guard empty subviews;replacingUnspecifiedDimensions()for nil proposal dimensions.placeSubviews: never assume origin (0,0) — usebounds.minX/midX(non-zero origins are what make layouts composable);place(at:anchor:proposal:)with a proposal that may differ from the ideal size (that's how equal widths happen).- Respect spacing preferences:
subviews[i].spacing.distance(to:along:), taking the larger of conflicting preferences — matching built-in containers. No hardcoded 8s. - Per-subview data via
LayoutValueKey(+ alayoutValueconvenience modifier), read assubview[Key.self]. - Cache only after Instruments shows layout cost — it's an optimization, not a requirement.
- Switch layouts without killing identity:
AnyLayout(HStackLayout())↔ custom layout with.animation(_:value:)— SwiftUI sees one changing view, so state survives and it animates. - Don't build fallbacks into the layout — wrap alternatives in
ViewThatFits.
Grid decisions
| Need | Use |
|---|---|
| Static 2D with cross-row alignment | Grid/GridRow (+ gridCellColumns to span, gridColumnAlignment per column) |
| Scrollable, large content | LazyVGrid/LazyHGrid (only visible views load; one axis fixed up front) |
| "First arrangement that fits" | ViewThatFits |
Custom containers (Demystify Containers)
Make containers that compose like List does:
- API shape: a trailing
@ViewBuilder var content: Content— callers can then mix static views,ForEach, and conditionals. - Iterate resolved children with
ForEach(subviews: content); need the whole collection (count/chunking)?Group(subviews: content) { subviews in … }. - Internalize declared vs resolved: one declared ForEach resolves to N subviews; Group to
its children; EmptyView to zero;
ifconditionally. Counting declared views is a bug. - Sections are opt-in:
ForEach(sections: content), readingsection.header/section.content; checkheader.isEmptybefore rendering the slot. - Per-child customization via container values:
extension ContainerValues { @Entry var … }, set with a convenience modifier, read viasubview.containerValues. Scoping model: Environment flows down · Preferences flow up · container values reach only the direct container. Setting one on aSectionstyles the whole section.
Lazy stacks & scrolling performance (WWDC26 rules)
LazyVStack builds views only until the viewport fills; totals and offsets are estimated from average placed-view size and corrected as you scroll. Everything below follows from that:
- One subview per ForEach element, always. An
ifinside a row (0-or-1 views) forces the stack to keep off-screen views + their@Statealive to preserve indices — and environment changes then re-evaluate off-screen bodies. Filter at the data layer (@Querypredicate); gate auth-type conditions outside the stack. - Never key logic off absolute scroll offset in a lazy stack (
onScrollGeometryChangesees estimates) — useonScrollTargetVisibilityChange(threshold: 0.8)for visibility triggers. - Set up in
init, notonAppear(_model = State(initialValue:)): body runs during prefetch;onAppearfires only on-screen, throwing prefetch work away and causing post-appearance size jumps. Start async loads ininit/task. - Don't persist meaningful state in row
@State— off-screen views are eventually released. Hoist (@State var highlighted: Set<ID>outside,@Bindingdown). scrollTransitiontransforms must stay inside the original frame (scale ✅; rotations escaping the frame make views vanish early).- Don't drive layout from
onGeometryChangeheight feedback (content shoves, targeting breaks) — that's the customLayoutcase above. - Nest
LazyHStackinsideLazyVStackfreely (unscrolled rows stay unloaded) — but fix child heights (lineLimit, explicit frames) in the horizontal stacks. pinnedViews: [.sectionHeaders]pins headers; infinite scroll = trailingProgressView().onAppear { fetchNextPage() }after the ForEach.
The scroll API map
- Snapping/paging:
scrollTargetLayout()+scrollTargetBehavior(.viewAligned/.paging). - Track/control position:
scrollPositionbinding; programmaticScrollPosition+scrollTo(id:)— works for unloaded targets if IDs map to stable one-subview elements. - Scroll-linked effects:
scrollTransition(enter/leave viewport) andvisualEffect(geometry without GeometryReader) — details indesign/animation-patterns. - Reactions:
onScrollGeometryChange(fine outside lazy estimation),onScrollVisibilityChange(autoplay/analytics). - Performance floor: list/scroll internals were rewritten (WWDC25) — macOS lists ~6× faster at
100k+ rows, and lazy loading works in nested
ScrollView+LazyVStack; profile with the SwiftUI instrument (performance/swiftui-debugging).
Output Format
Layout review: Symptom | Rule violated | Fix — check the one-subview-per-element rule first
in any lazy-stack complaint; it explains most jank, memory growth, and targeting bugs.
References
- https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2022/10056/ (Compose custom layouts)
- https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2024/10146/ (Demystify SwiftUI containers)
- https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2026/321/ (Dive into lazy stacks and scrolling)
- Related skills:
swiftui/data-flow(identity/ForEach IDs),performance/swiftui-debugging,design/animation-patterns(scroll-linked effects)