Ritual dapp testing

Skill ritual-foundation/ritual-dapp-skills/skills/ritual-dapp-testing

Testing and debugging patterns for Ritual dApps. Use when writing tests, debugging issues, or setting up CI/CD for Ritual applications.From its SKILL.md

Install

npx -y skills add ritual-foundation/ritual-dapp-skills --skill ritual-dapp-testing

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SKILL.md

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Testing & Debugging — Ritual dApp Patterns

Overview

Ritual dApps span multiple layers — Solidity contracts, TypeScript viem interactions, backend services, and frontends — each requiring a different testing strategy. The async nature of Ritual precompiles adds complexity: a single user action may touch commit, execute, and settle phases across multiple blocks.

Testing Pyramid for Ritual dApps

                    ┌─────────────────┐
                    │   E2E Tests     │  Few, slow, high confidence
                    │  (Real chain)   │  Real executors
                    ├─────────────────┤
                    │  Integration    │  Moderate count
                    │  Tests          │  viem ↔ chain, fork tests
                    ├─────────────────┤
                    │  Unit Tests     │  Many, fast, isolated
                    │  (Foundry +     │  Contracts + codecs + hooks
                    │   Vitest)       │
                    └─────────────────┘

Layer	Tool	What It Tests	Speed
Solidity unit tests	Foundry (`forge test`)	Contract logic, encoding, access control	Fast (~1s)
Solidity fuzz tests	Foundry (`forge test`)	Edge cases via randomized inputs	Medium (~10s)
Solidity fork tests	Foundry (`forge test --fork-url`)	Against live chain state	Slow (~30s)
viem codec tests	Vitest / Jest	Encode/decode round-trips, type safety	Fast (~1s)
viem integration tests	Vitest / Jest	Real transactions on chain	Slow (~60s)
Backend unit tests	Vitest	Event parsing, DB queries, webhook signing	Fast (~1s)
Frontend component tests	React Testing Library	Hook state machines, UI rendering	Fast (~2s)
E2E acceptance tests	Playwright + chain	Full user flow through real chain	Very slow (~120s)

1. Foundry Unit Tests

Basic Consumer Contract Test

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import "forge-std/Test.sol";

contract HTTPConsumer {
    address constant HTTP_PRECOMPILE = address(0x0801);
    event ResponseReceived(uint16 status, string body);

    function decodeSettlement(bytes memory rawOutput)
        public
        pure
        returns (uint16 status, bytes memory body, string memory err)
    {
        (, bytes memory actualOutput) = abi.decode(rawOutput, (bytes, bytes));
        (status, , , body, err) = abi.decode(
            actualOutput,
            (uint16, string[], string[], bytes, string)
        );
    }

    function fetchData(address executor, uint256 ttl, string calldata url)
        external
        returns (uint16 status, bytes memory body)
    {
        bytes memory input = abi.encode(
            executor, new bytes[](0), ttl, new bytes[](0), bytes(""),
            url, uint8(1), new string[](0), new string[](0), bytes(""),
            uint256(0), uint8(0), false
        );
        (bool success, bytes memory rawOutput) = HTTP_PRECOMPILE.call(input);
        require(success, "Precompile call failed");
        string memory err;
        (status, body, err) = decodeSettlement(rawOutput);
        require(bytes(err).length == 0, err);
        emit ResponseReceived(status, string(body));
        return (status, body);
    }
}

contract HTTPConsumerTest is Test {
    HTTPConsumer consumer;
    address executor = makeAddr("executor");

    function setUp() public {
        consumer = new HTTPConsumer();
        vm.deal(address(consumer), 10 ether);
    }

    function test_DecodeSettlement_UnwrapsSpcEnvelope() public {
        bytes memory rawOutput = abi.encode(
            bytes("simulated-input"),
            abi.encode(
                uint16(200),
                new string[](0),
                new string[](0),
                bytes('{"price": 3500}'),
                ""
            )
        );

        (uint16 status, bytes memory body, string memory err) =
            consumer.decodeSettlement(rawOutput);

        assertEq(status, 200);
        assertEq(string(body), '{"price": 3500}');
        assertEq(err, "");
    }

    function test_FetchData_EmitsEvent() public {
        vm.expectEmit(false, false, false, true);
        emit HTTPConsumer.ResponseReceived(200, '{"price": 3500}');

        bytes memory rawOutput = abi.encode(
            bytes("simulated-input"),
            abi.encode(
                uint16(200),
                new string[](0),
                new string[](0),
                bytes('{"price": 3500}'),
                ""
            )
        );
        (uint16 status, bytes memory body, string memory err) =
            consumer.decodeSettlement(rawOutput);
        require(bytes(err).length == 0, err);
        emit HTTPConsumer.ResponseReceived(status, string(body));
    }
}

Async Consumer with Callback Tests

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import "forge-std/Test.sol";

contract AsyncConsumer {
    address constant LONG_HTTP_PRECOMPILE = address(0x0805);
    address public deliveryAddress;

    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public pendingJobs;
    mapping(bytes32 => bytes) public results;

    event JobSubmitted(bytes32 indexed jobId);
    event JobCompleted(bytes32 indexed jobId, bytes result);

    constructor(address _deliveryAddress) {
        deliveryAddress = _deliveryAddress;
    }

    function submitJob(bytes calldata input) external {
        (bool success, bytes memory result) = LONG_HTTP_PRECOMPILE.call(input);
        require(success, "Precompile call failed");
        bytes32 jobId = keccak256(result);
        pendingJobs[jobId] = true;
        emit JobSubmitted(jobId);
    }

    function onResult(bytes32 jobId, bytes calldata result) external {
        require(msg.sender == deliveryAddress, "Unauthorized delivery");
        require(pendingJobs[jobId], "Unknown job");

        pendingJobs[jobId] = false;
        results[jobId] = result;
        emit JobCompleted(jobId, result);
    }
}

contract AsyncConsumerTest is Test {
    AsyncConsumer consumer;
    address delivery = makeAddr("delivery");
    address attacker = makeAddr("attacker");
    bytes32 jobId = keccak256("test-job");

    function setUp() public {
        consumer = new AsyncConsumer(delivery);
    }

    function test_OnResult_StoresResult() public {
        // Simulate pending job
        vm.store(
            address(consumer),
            keccak256(abi.encode(jobId, uint256(1))), // pendingJobs slot
            bytes32(uint256(1))
        );

        bytes memory result = abi.encode("hello world");

        vm.prank(delivery);
        consumer.onResult(jobId, result);

        assertEq(consumer.results(jobId), result);
    }

    function test_OnResult_RevertsUnauthorized() public {
        vm.store(
            address(consumer),
            keccak256(abi.encode(jobId, uint256(1))),
            bytes32(uint256(1))
        );

        vm.prank(attacker);
        vm.expectRevert("Unauthorized delivery");
        consumer.onResult(jobId, "");
    }

    function test_OnResult_RevertsUnknownJob() public {
        vm.prank(delivery);
        vm.expectRevert("Unknown job");
        consumer.onResult(jobId, "");
    }

    function test_OnResult_EmitsEvent() public {
        vm.store(
            address(consumer),
            keccak256(abi.encode(jobId, uint256(1))),
            bytes32(uint256(1))
        );

        bytes memory result = abi.encode("data");

        vm.expectEmit(true, false, false, true);
        emit AsyncConsumer.JobCompleted(jobId, result);

        vm.prank(delivery);
        consumer.onResult(jobId, result);
    }
}

Fuzz Testing Fee Calculations

contract FeeCalculatorTest is Test {
    uint256 constant BASE_FEE = 2_500_000_000_000; // 0.0000025 RITUAL
    uint256 constant PER_BYTE_FEE = 350_000_000; // 0.35 gwei/byte input
    uint256 constant MAX_INPUT_SIZE = 10 * 1024; // 10KB async input cap

    function calculateFee(uint256 inputSize) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(inputSize <= MAX_INPUT_SIZE, "Input too large");
        return BASE_FEE + (inputSize * PER_BYTE_FEE);
    }

    function testFuzz_FeeCalculation(uint256 inputSize) public pure {
        inputSize = bound(inputSize, 0, MAX_INPUT_SIZE);
        uint256 fee = calculateFee(inputSize);
        assertGe(fee, BASE_FEE);
        assertLe(fee, BASE_FEE + MAX_INPUT_SIZE * PER_BYTE_FEE);
    }

    function testFuzz_FeeMonotonicallyIncreases(uint256 a, uint256 b) public pure {
        a = bound(a, 0, MAX_INPUT_SIZE - 1);
        b = bound(b, a + 1, MAX_INPUT_SIZE);
        assertLt(calculateFee(a), calculateFee(b));
    }

    function testFuzz_FeeRevertsOverMax(uint256 inputSize) public {
        inputSize = bound(inputSize, MAX_INPUT_SIZE + 1, type(uint256).max);
        vm.expectRevert("Input too large");
        this.calculateFeeExternal(inputSize);
    }

    function calculateFeeExternal(uint256 inputSize) external pure returns (uint256) {
        return calculateFee(inputSize);
    }
}

2. Mock Precompile Responses

In unit tests, precompile addresses aren't available. Use vm.mockCall or etch bytecode to simulate responses.

Using vm.mockCall

contract MockPrecompileTest is Test {
    address constant HTTP_PRECOMPILE = address(0x0801);

    function test_MockHTTPResponse() public {
        // Async precompile results are wrapped in a short-running async envelope: (bytes simulatedInput, bytes actualOutput)
        bytes memory innerResponse = abi.encode(
            uint16(200),
            new string[](0),
            new string[](0),
            bytes('{"result": "ok"}'),
            ""
        );
        bytes memory spcEnvelope = abi.encode(bytes("simulated-input"), innerResponse);

        vm.mockCall(
            HTTP_PRECOMPILE,
            "",
            spcEnvelope
        );

        (bool success, bytes memory result) = HTTP_PRECOMPILE.call(
            abi.encode("anything")
        );
        assertTrue(success);

        // Unwrap short-running async envelope, then decode inner response
        (, bytes memory actualOutput) = abi.decode(result, (bytes, bytes));
        (uint16 status, , , bytes memory body, ) =
            abi.decode(actualOutput, (uint16, string[], string[], bytes, string));
        assertEq(status, 200);
        assertEq(string(body), '{"result": "ok"}');
    }
}

Using vm.etch for Complex Mocks

contract PrecompileMock {
    fallback(bytes calldata input) external returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes memory innerResponse = abi.encode(
            uint16(200),
            new string[](0),
            new string[](0),
            bytes('{"mocked": true}'),
            ""
        );
        return abi.encode(input, innerResponse); // short-running async envelope: (simulatedInput, actualOutput)
    }
}

contract EtchMockTest is Test {
    address constant HTTP_PRECOMPILE = address(0x0801);

    function setUp() public {
        PrecompileMock mock = new PrecompileMock();
        vm.etch(HTTP_PRECOMPILE, address(mock).code);
    }

    function test_PrecompileReturnsFixedResponse() public {
        (bool ok, bytes memory result) = HTTP_PRECOMPILE.call(abi.encode("test"));
        assertTrue(ok);

        (, bytes memory actualOutput) = abi.decode(result, (bytes, bytes));
        (, , , bytes memory body, ) =
            abi.decode(actualOutput, (uint16, string[], string[], bytes, string));
        assertEq(string(body), '{"mocked": true}');
    }
}

Parameterized Mock — Return Different Results per Input

contract ParameterizedMock {
    mapping(bytes32 => bytes) public responses;

    function setResponse(bytes32 inputHash, bytes calldata response) external {
        responses[inputHash] = response;
    }

    fallback(bytes calldata input) external returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes32 key = keccak256(input);
        bytes memory resp = responses[key];
        require(resp.length > 0, "No mock response for input");
        return resp;
    }
}

contract ParameterizedMockTest is Test {
    address constant HTTP_PRECOMPILE = address(0x0801);
    ParameterizedMock mock;

    function setUp() public {
        mock = new ParameterizedMock();
        vm.etch(HTTP_PRECOMPILE, address(mock).code);
    }

    function test_DifferentResponsesPerInput() public {
        bytes memory input1 = abi.encode("https://api.example.com/a");
        bytes memory input2 = abi.encode("https://api.example.com/b");

        bytes memory inner1 = abi.encode(uint16(200), new string[](0), new string[](0), bytes("A"), "");
        bytes memory inner2 = abi.encode(uint16(200), new string[](0), new string[](0), bytes("B"), "");

        mock.setResponse(keccak256(input1), abi.encode(input1, inner1));
        mock.setResponse(keccak256(input2), abi.encode(input2, inner2));

        (, bytes memory r1) = HTTP_PRECOMPILE.call(input1);
        (, bytes memory r2) = HTTP_PRECOMPILE.call(input2);

        (, bytes memory out1) = abi.decode(r1, (bytes, bytes));
        (, bytes memory out2) = abi.decode(r2, (bytes, bytes));
        (, , , bytes memory body1, ) = abi.decode(out1, (uint16, string[], string[], bytes, string));
        (, , , bytes memory body2, ) = abi.decode(out2, (uint16, string[], string[], bytes, string));

        assertEq(string(body1), "A");
        assertEq(string(body2), "B");
    }
}

3. Fork Testing — Test Against Live Ritual Chain

Fork testing runs your contracts against real chain state, including real system contracts and precompile behavior.

Basic Fork Test

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.24;

import "forge-std/Test.sol";

contract ForkTest is Test {
    address constant RITUAL_WALLET = 0x532F0dF0896F353d8C3DD8cc134e8129DA2a3948;
    address constant ASYNC_JOB_TRACKER = 0xC069FFCa0389f44eCA2C626e55491b0ab045AEF5;
    address constant TEE_SERVICE_REGISTRY = 0x9644e8562cE0Fe12b4deeC4163c064A8862Bf47F;

    uint256 ritualFork;

    function setUp() public {
        ritualFork = vm.createFork(vm.envString("RITUAL_RPC_URL"));
        vm.selectFork(ritualFork);
    }

    function test_RitualWalletDeposit() public {
        address user = makeAddr("user");
        vm.deal(user, 1 ether);

        vm.prank(user);
        (bool ok,) = RITUAL_WALLET.call{value: 0.1 ether}(
            abi.encodeWithSignature("deposit(uint256)", 100) // 100 = lock duration in blocks
        );
        assertTrue(ok, "Deposit failed");

        (bool ok2, bytes memory result) = RITUAL_WALLET.call(
            abi.encodeWithSignature("balanceOf(address)", user)
        );
        assertTrue(ok2);
        uint256 balance = abi.decode(result, (uint256));
        assertGe(balance, 0.1 ether);
    }

    function test_TEERegistryHasExecutors() public {
        (bool ok, bytes memory result) = TEE_SERVICE_REGISTRY.call(
            abi.encodeWithSignature("getServicesByCapability(uint8,bool)", uint8(0), false) // HTTP_CALL
        );
        assertTrue(ok, "Registry query failed");
    }

    function test_AsyncJobTrackerJobCount() public {
        address executor = address(0x1234);
        (bool ok, bytes memory result) = ASYNC_JOB_TRACKER.call(
            abi.encodeWithSignature("getJobCount(address)", executor)
        );
        assertTrue(ok);
        uint256 count = abi.decode(result, (uint256));
        console.log("Active jobs for executor:", count);
    }
}

Fork Test with Contract Deployment

contract DeployAndTestOnFork is Test {
    HTTPConsumer consumer;

    function setUp() public {
        vm.createSelectFork(vm.envString("RITUAL_RPC_URL"));

        consumer = new HTTPConsumer();
        vm.deal(address(consumer), 1 ether);

        // Deposit fees in RitualWallet
        vm.prank(address(consumer));
        (bool ok,) = address(0x532F0dF0896F353d8C3DD8cc134e8129DA2a3948).call{value: 0.1 ether}(
            abi.encodeWithSignature("deposit(uint256)", 200) // 200 = lock duration in blocks
        );
        assertTrue(ok);
    }

    function test_SubmitHTTPRequest_OnFork() public {
        // This will create a real commitment on the forked state
        consumer.fetchData(
            address(0x1234), // executor address from registry
            100,
            "https://api.example.com/test"
        );
    }
}

Foundry Configuration for Fork Tests

# foundry.toml
[profile.default]
src = "src"
out = "out"
libs = ["lib"]
solc_version = "0.8.24"

[profile.fork]
fork_url = "${RITUAL_RPC_URL}"
fork_block_number = 0  # latest

[rpc_endpoints]
ritual = "${RITUAL_RPC_URL}"

Run fork tests: RITUAL_RPC_URL=https://rpc.ritualfoundation.org forge test --match-contract ForkTest -vvv

eth_call Behavior with Precompiles

When testing precompiles via eth_call (read-only simulation), behavior differs between sync and async precompiles.

Sync precompiles (ONNX, JQ, Ed25519): execute normally and return real computation results. Standard eth_call testing works.

All async precompiles (HTTP 0x0801, LLM 0x0802, Long HTTP 0x0805, Sovereign Agent 0x080C, etc.): the EVM injects a default AsyncCommitmentContext in Building mode with empty pending_spc_calls. Each precompile hits the "fresh simulation" code path and returns:

abi.encode(bytes callInput, bytes empty)

The call succeeds (no revert), but the output's second element is always empty bytes — no actual HTTP response, LLM result, or task ID is returned. This is the short-running async envelope (bytes simulatedInput, bytes actualOutput) with actualOutput = "".

To test async precompiles, submit a real transaction and wait for settlement, or use vm.mockCall / vm.etch (Section 2) for unit tests.

4. Precompile Encoding Unit Tests (Vitest)

ABI Encoding Round-Trip Tests

import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
import { encodeAbiParameters, decodeAbiParameters, type Address } from 'viem';

const HTTP_REQUEST_TYPES = [
  { name: 'executor', type: 'address' },
  { name: 'encryptedSecrets', type: 'bytes[]' },
  { name: 'ttl', type: 'uint256' },
  { name: 'secretSignatures', type: 'bytes[]' },
  { name: 'userPublicKey', type: 'bytes' },
  { name: 'url', type: 'string' },
  { name: 'method', type: 'uint8' },
  { name: 'headerKeys', type: 'string[]' },
  { name: 'headerValues', type: 'string[]' },
  { name: 'body', type: 'bytes' },
  { name: 'dkmsKeyIndex', type: 'uint256' },
  { name: 'dkmsKeyFormat', type: 'uint8' },
  { name: 'piiEnabled', type: 'bool' },
] as const;

const HTTP_RESPONSE_TYPES = [
  { type: 'uint16' },
  { type: 'string[]' },
  { type: 'string[]' },
  { type: 'bytes' },
  { type: 'string' },
] as const;

describe('HTTP Call request encoding', () => {
  const executor: Address = '0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678';

  it('encodes and decodes a GET request', () => {
    const encoded = encodeAbiParameters(HTTP_REQUEST_TYPES, [
      executor, [], 100n, [], '0x',
      'https://api.example.com/data', 1, ['Accept'], ['application/json'],
      new TextEncoder().encode(''),
      0n, 0, false,
    ]);
    expect(encoded).toMatch(/^0x/);

    const decoded = decodeAbiParameters(HTTP_REQUEST_TYPES, encoded);
    expect(decoded[0]).toBe(executor);
    expect(decoded[5]).toBe('https://api.example.com/data');
    expect(decoded[6]).toBe(1); // GET
    expect(decoded[7]).toEqual(['Accept']);
    expect(decoded[8]).toEqual(['application/json']);
    expect(decoded[2]).toBe(100n);
  });

  it('encodes and decodes a POST request with body', () => {
    const body = JSON.stringify({ query: 'test' });

    const encoded = encodeAbiParameters(HTTP_REQUEST_TYPES, [
      executor, [], 200n, [], '0x',
      'https://api.example.com/query', 2,
      ['Content-Type'], ['application/json'],
      new TextEncoder().encode(body),
      0n, 0, false,
    ]);

    const decoded = decodeAbiParameters(HTTP_REQUEST_TYPES, encoded);
    expect(decoded[5]).toBe('https://api.example.com/query');
    expect(decoded[6]).toBe(2); // POST
    expect(new TextDecoder().decode(decoded[9] as Uint8Array)).toBe(body);
  });

  it('handles empty headers and body', () => {
    const encoded = encodeAbiParameters(HTTP_REQUEST_TYPES, [
      executor, [], 50n, [], '0x',
      'https://test.com', 1, [], [],
      new Uint8Array(),
      0n, 0, false,
    ]);

    const decoded = decodeAbiParameters(HTTP_REQUEST_TYPES, encoded);
    expect(decoded[7]).toEqual([]); // headerKeys
    expect(decoded[8]).toEqual([]); // headerValues
  });
});

describe('HTTP Call response decoding', () => {
  it('decodes a success response', () => {
    const encoded = encodeAbiParameters(HTTP_RESPONSE_TYPES, [
      200,
      ['content-type'],
      ['application/json'],
      new TextEncoder().encode('{"price": 3500}'),
      '',
    ]);

    const [statusCode, , , body, errorMessage] =
      decodeAbiParameters(HTTP_RESPONSE_TYPES, encoded);

    expect(statusCode).toBe(200);
    expect(errorMessage).toBe('');
    expect(JSON.parse(new TextDecoder().decode(body as Uint8Array))).toEqual({ price: 3500 });
  });

  it('decodes an error response', () => {
    const encoded = encodeAbiParameters(HTTP_RESPONSE_TYPES, [
      0, [], [], new Uint8Array(), 'executor timeout',
    ]);

    const [statusCode, , , , errorMessage] =
      decodeAbiParameters(HTTP_RESPONSE_TYPES, encoded);

    expect(statusCode).toBe(0);
    expect(errorMessage).toBe('executor timeout');
  });

  it('round-trips through ABI encoding', () => {
    const bodyText = 'hello';
    const encoded = encodeAbiParameters(HTTP_RESPONSE_TYPES, [
      200, [], [], new TextEncoder().encode(bodyText), '',
    ]);

    const [statusCode, , , body] = decodeAbiParameters(HTTP_RESPONSE_TYPES, encoded);
    expect(statusCode).toBe(200);
    expect(new TextDecoder().decode(body as Uint8Array)).toBe('hello');
  });
});

Executor Query Tests

For executor discovery tests (getServicesByCapability, TEEServiceRegistry ABI, mock executor responses), see ritual-dapp-deploy and ritual-dapp-contracts.

5. Integration Tests — viem Against Ritual Chain

Integration tests send real transactions to Ritual Chain. They require RITUAL balance and take longer to run.

Setup

// test/setup.ts
import { createPublicClient, createWalletClient, http, defineChain } from 'viem';
import { privateKeyToAccount } from 'viem/accounts';

export const ritualChain = defineChain({
  id: 1979,
  name: 'Ritual',
  nativeCurrency: { name: 'RITUAL', symbol: 'RITUAL', decimals: 18 },
  rpcUrls: {
    default: { http: [process.env.RITUAL_RPC_URL ?? 'https://rpc.ritualfoundation.org'] },
  },
  blockExplorers: {
    default: { name: 'Ritual Explorer', url: 'https://explorer.ritualfoundation.org' },
  },
});

export function getTestClients() {
  if (!process.env.RITUAL_RPC_URL || !process.env.TEST_PRIVATE_KEY) {
    throw new Error('RITUAL_RPC_URL and TEST_PRIVATE_KEY required for integration tests');
  }

  const account = privateKeyToAccount(process.env.TEST_PRIVATE_KEY as `0x${string}`);

  const publicClient = createPublicClient({
    chain: ritualChain,
    transport: http(process.env.RITUAL_RPC_URL),
  });

  const walletClient = createWalletClient({
    account,
    chain: ritualChain,
    transport: http(process.env.RITUAL_RPC_URL),
  });

  return { publicClient, walletClient, account };
}

HTTP Call Integration Test

import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll } from 'vitest';
import { getTestClients } from './setup';
import { parseEther, encodeAbiParameters, type Address } from 'viem';

const RITUAL_WALLET: Address = '0x532F0dF0896F353d8C3DD8cc134e8129DA2a3948';
const HTTP_PRECOMPILE: Address = '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000801';

const ritualWalletAbi = [
  { name: 'balanceOf', type: 'function', stateMutability: 'view',
    inputs: [{ name: 'user', type: 'address' }], outputs: [{ type: 'uint256' }] },
  { name: 'deposit', type: 'function', stateMutability: 'payable',
    inputs: [{ name: 'lockDuration', type: 'uint256' }], outputs: [] },
] as const;

describe('HTTP Call (integration)', () => {
  let clients: ReturnType<typeof getTestClients>;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    clients = getTestClients();

    const balance = await clients.publicClient.readContract({
      address: RITUAL_WALLET,
      abi: ritualWalletAbi,
      functionName: 'balanceOf',
      args: [clients.account.address],
    });

    if (balance < parseEther('0.01')) {
      const hash = await clients.walletClient.writeContract({
        address: RITUAL_WALLET,
        abi: ritualWalletAbi,
        functionName: 'deposit',
        args: [5000n],
        value: parseEther('0.05'),
      });
      await clients.publicClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash });
    }
  }, 30_000);

  it('submits a GET request and receives a transaction hash', async () => {
    const executor: Address = '0x...'; // selected executor from TEEServiceRegistry

    const encoded = encodeAbiParameters(
      [
        { name: 'executor', type: 'address' },
        { name: 'encryptedSecrets', type: 'bytes[]' },
        { name: 'ttl', type: 'uint256' },
        { name: 'secretSignatures', type: 'bytes[]' },
        { name: 'userPublicKey', type: 'bytes' },
        { name: 'url', type: 'string' },
        { name: 'method', type: 'uint8' },
        { name: 'headerKeys', type: 'string[]' },
        { name: 'headerValues', type: 'string[]' },
        { name: 'body', type: 'bytes' },
        { name: 'dkmsKeyIndex', type: 'uint256' },
        { name: 'dkmsKeyFormat', type: 'uint8' },
        { name: 'piiEnabled', type: 'bool' },
      ],
      [
        executor, [], 100n, [], '0x',
        'https://httpbin.org/get', 1, [], [],
        new Uint8Array(),
        0n, 0, false,
      ]
    );

    const hash = await clients.walletClient.sendTransaction({
      to: HTTP_PRECOMPILE,
      data: encoded,
      gas: 2_000_000n,
    });

    expect(hash).toMatch(/^0x[0-9a-f]{64}$/);

    const receipt = await clients.publicClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash });
    expect(receipt.status).toBe('success');
  }, 60_000);
});

Wallet Integration Test

import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll } from 'vitest';
import { getTestClients } from './setup';
import { parseEther, type Address } from 'viem';

const RITUAL_WALLET: Address = '0x532F0dF0896F353d8C3DD8cc134e8129DA2a3948';

const ritualWalletAbi = [
  { name: 'balanceOf', type: 'function', stateMutability: 'view',
    inputs: [{ name: 'user', type: 'address' }], outputs: [{ type: 'uint256' }] },
  { name: 'deposit', type: 'function', stateMutability: 'payable',
    inputs: [{ name: 'lockDuration', type: 'uint256' }], outputs: [] },
] as const;

describe('RitualWallet (integration)', () => {
  let clients: ReturnType<typeof getTestClients>;

  beforeAll(() => {
    clients = getTestClients();
  });

  it('deposits and reads balance', async () => {
    const before = await clients.publicClient.readContract({
      address: RITUAL_WALLET,
      abi: ritualWalletAbi,
      functionName: 'balanceOf',
      args: [clients.account.address],
    });

    const hash = await clients.walletClient.writeContract({
      address: RITUAL_WALLET,
      abi: ritualWalletAbi,
      functionName: 'deposit',
      args: [5000n],
      value: parseEther('0.001'),
    });
    await clients.publicClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash });

    const after = await clients.publicClient.readContract({
      address: RITUAL_WALLET,
      abi: ritualWalletAbi,
      functionName: 'balanceOf',
      args: [clients.account.address],
    });

    expect(after).toBeGreaterThan(before);
  }, 30_000);
});

6. Frontend Testing

For frontend component and hook testing patterns (React Testing Library, wagmi mocks, state machine transitions), see ritual-dapp-frontend.

7. Debugging Guide

Common Issues and Solutions

Transaction stuck in pending

Symptoms: Transaction submitted successfully but job never settles.

Diagnosis:

import { createPublicClient, http, defineChain, type Address, type Hex } from 'viem';

const ritualChain = defineChain({
  id: 1979,
  name: 'Ritual',
  nativeCurrency: { name: 'RITUAL', symbol: 'RITUAL', decimals: 18 },
  rpcUrls: {
    default: { http: [process.env.RITUAL_RPC_URL ?? 'https://rpc.ritualfoundation.org'] },
  },
});

const publicClient = createPublicClient({
  chain: ritualChain,
  transport: http(process.env.RITUAL_RPC_URL),
});

const TEE_SERVICE_REGISTRY: Address = '0x9644e8562cE0Fe12b4deeC4163c064A8862Bf47F';
const ASYNC_JOB_TRACKER: Address = '0xC069FFCa0389f44eCA2C626e55491b0ab045AEF5';

// 1. Check if services are available for your precompile type
const services = await publicClient.readContract({
  address: TEE_SERVICE_REGISTRY,
  abi: [{
    name: 'getServicesByCapability',
    type: 'function',
    stateMutability: 'view',
    inputs: [{ name: 'capability', type: 'uint8' }, { name: 'checkValidity', type: 'bool' }],
    outputs: [{ type: 'tuple[]', components: [
      { name: 'node', type: 'tuple', components: [
        { name: 'paymentAddress', type: 'address' },
        { name: 'teeAddress', type: 'address' },
        { name: 'teeType', type: 'uint8' },
        { name: 'publicKey', type: 'bytes' },
        { name: 'endpoint', type: 'string' },
        { name: 'certPubKeyHash', type: 'bytes32' },
        { name: 'capability', type: 'uint8' },
      ]},
      { name: 'isValid', type: 'bool' },
      { name: 'workloadId', type: 'bytes32' },
    ] }],
  }] as const,
  functionName: 'getServicesByCapability',
  args: [0, true], // 0 = HTTP_CALL capability
});
console.log('Available services:', services.length);

if (services.length === 0) {
  console.error('No services registered for HTTP_CALL capability');
  console.log('Check TEEServiceRegistry at', TEE_SERVICE_REGISTRY);
}

// 2. Check sender lock on AsyncJobTracker
const isLocked = await publicClient.readContract({
  address: ASYNC_JOB_TRACKER,
  abi: [{
    name: 'hasPendingJobForSender', type: 'function', stateMutability: 'view',
    inputs: [{ name: 'sender', type: 'address' }],
    outputs: [{ type: 'bool' }],
  }] as const,
  functionName: 'hasPendingJobForSender',
  args: [testEOA],
});
console.log('Sender locked:', isLocked);

// For full job status polling (getJob returns a 14-field struct),
// see the AsyncJobTracker interface in the ritual-dapp-contracts skill.
// Compute expiry as commitBlock + ttl (there is no expiryBlock field).

Fixes:

No services: Wait for service registration or check TEEServiceRegistry
TTL expired: Increase ttl parameter (try 200n or 500n)
Executor not responding: Try a different executor address

Executor not found

Symptoms: No services found for capability error.

Diagnosis:

// Common capability IDs used by these skills
const capabilityNames: Record<number, string> = {
  0: 'HTTP_CALL',
  1: 'LLM',
  2: 'WORMHOLE_QUERY',
  3: 'STREAMING',
  4: 'VLLM_PROXY',
  5: 'ZK_CALL',
  6: 'DKMS',
  7: 'IMAGE_CALL',
  8: 'AUDIO_CALL',
  9: 'VIDEO_CALL',
  10: 'FHE',
};

for (const cap of Object.keys(capabilityNames).map(Number)) {
  try {
    const services = await publicClient.readContract({
      address: TEE_SERVICE_REGISTRY,
      abi: [{
        name: 'getServicesByCapability',
        type: 'function',
        stateMutability: 'view',
        inputs: [{ name: 'capability', type: 'uint8' }, { name: 'checkValidity', type: 'bool' }],
        outputs: [{ type: 'tuple[]' }],
      }] as const,
      functionName: 'getServicesByCapability',
      args: [cap, true],
    });
    console.log(`${capabilityNames[cap]}: ${services.length} service(s)`);
  } catch (err) {
    console.log(`${capabilityNames[cap]}: unavailable`);
  }
}

Fixes:

Verify you're using the correct capability for your precompile
Confirm the TEEServiceRegistry has registered executors on the network you're targeting

Callback not firing

Symptoms: Job settles but onResult / delivery callback never executes.

Checklist:

Delivery target correct? — The deliveryTarget address must be your contract
Delivery selector correct? — Must match bytes4(keccak256("onResult(bytes32,bytes)"))
Gas limit sufficient? — Callback execution needs gas; try 500,000+
Contract accepts the call? — The callback function must be external (not internal/private)
No revert in callback? — If callback reverts, delivery marks as failed

import { encodeFunctionData, keccak256, toHex } from 'viem';

// Verify your selector matches
const expectedSelector = keccak256(
  toHex('onResult(bytes32,bytes)')
).slice(0, 10); // first 4 bytes
console.log('Expected selector:', expectedSelector);

// Common selectors:
// handleHTTPResponse(bytes)     → 0x... (calculate for your function)
// onResult(bytes32,bytes)       → 0x... (calculate for your function)

Insufficient balance

Symptoms: Transaction reverts with "insufficient balance" or "deposit required".

Diagnosis:

import { parseEther, formatEther, type Address } from 'viem';

const RITUAL_WALLET: Address = '0x532F0dF0896F353d8C3DD8cc134e8129DA2a3948';
const walletAbi = [
  { name: 'balanceOf', type: 'function', stateMutability: 'view',
    inputs: [{ name: 'user', type: 'address' }], outputs: [{ type: 'uint256' }] },
  { name: 'deposit', type: 'function', stateMutability: 'payable',
    inputs: [{ name: 'lockDuration', type: 'uint256' }], outputs: [] },
] as const;

const userAddress = walletClient.account.address;

// Check RitualWallet balance
const balance = await publicClient.readContract({
  address: RITUAL_WALLET,
  abi: walletAbi,
  functionName: 'balanceOf',
  args: [userAddress],
});
console.log('Wallet balance:', formatEther(balance), 'RITUAL');

// Check native balance
const nativeBalance = await publicClient.getBalance({ address: userAddress });
console.log('Native balance:', formatEther(nativeBalance), 'RITUAL');

// Deposit if needed
if (balance < parseEther('0.01')) {
  console.log('Depositing 0.05 RITUAL...');
  const hash = await walletClient.writeContract({
    address: RITUAL_WALLET,
    abi: walletAbi,
    functionName: 'deposit',
    args: [5000n],
    value: parseEther('0.05'),
  });
  await publicClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash });
}

Wrong result format

Symptoms: Decoded result is garbage, wrong types, or throws decoding error.

Checklist:

Ensure you're using the correct codec for the precompile type
Check that your Solidity abi.decode matches the precompile's output ABI
For HTTP responses: body is bytes, not string — cast if needed

import { decodeAbiParameters, type Hex } from 'viem';

// HTTP precompile (0x0801) response format
const [statusCode, headerKeys, headerValues, body, errorMessage] =
  decodeAbiParameters(
    [{ type: 'uint16' }, { type: 'string[]' }, { type: 'string[]' }, { type: 'bytes' }, { type: 'string' }],
    resultHex as Hex
  );

// Common mistake: trying to JSON.parse raw bytes
// Wrong:
const bad = JSON.parse(resultHex); // ❌

// Correct: decode via ABI, then parse the body bytes
const textBody = new TextDecoder().decode(body);
const data = JSON.parse(textBody); // ✅ properly decoded

Tracing stuck transactions

Use debug_traceTransaction with the callTracer to see exactly what happened inside a transaction:

cast rpc debug_traceTransaction <TX_HASH> '{"tracer": "callTracer"}' --rpc-url https://rpc.ritualfoundation.org

This returns the full call tree — precompile calls, internal calls, reverts with reason strings. Useful for diagnosing why an async job was rejected or why a callback failed.

8. Common Error Codes and Fixes

Error	Cause	Fix
`No services found for capability`	No TEE services registered for this precompile type	Check TEEServiceRegistry; use correct capability ID
`Precompile call failed`	call to precompile address reverted	Check input encoding matches precompile ABI
`Insufficient deposit`	RitualWallet balance too low	Call `ritualWalletHelper.deposit()` before request
`Job expired`	TTL too short; executor didn't settle in time	Increase `ttl` parameter
`Unauthorized delivery`	Callback sender isn't the expected delivery address	Verify delivery address in contract constructor
`Unknown job`	Callback for a job ID that doesn't exist in your mapping	Ensure job was properly registered in `submitJob`
`Input too large`	Encoded request exceeds 10KB async input limit	Reduce request size; move data off-chain
`Executor timeout`	Executor didn't respond within the execution window	Retry with different executor or higher TTL
`Invalid secret signature`	Secret signature doesn't match encrypted payload	Re-sign with correct private key
`Decoding error`	ABI mismatch between encoder and decoder	Verify codec type matches precompile
`Transaction reverted without reason`	Contract logic error or insufficient gas	Increase gas limit; check contract with `forge test -vvvv`
`Nonce too low`	Concurrent transactions from same account	Wait for pending tx or use nonce manager

9. Environment & Run Commands

Ritual Chain (ID 1979, testnet).

RITUAL_RPC_URL=https://rpc.ritualfoundation.org
RITUAL_WS_URL=wss://rpc.ritualfoundation.org/ws

Test type	Command
Solidity unit tests	`forge test --no-match-contract Fork -vvv`
Solidity fork tests	`RITUAL_RPC_URL=... forge test --match-contract Fork -vvv`
Fuzz tests	`forge test --match-test testFuzz -vvv`
Gas snapshots	`forge snapshot --check`
TypeScript unit tests	`npx vitest run`
Integration tests (on-chain)	`npx vitest run --config vitest.integration.config.ts`

For integration tests, set maxConcurrency: 1 and testTimeout: 120_000 to serialize on-chain transactions and allow settlement time.

11. Test Utilities and Helpers

Shared Test Fixtures

// test/fixtures.ts
import type { Address, Hex } from 'viem';

export const TEST_EXECUTOR: Address = '0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678';
export const TEST_USER: Address = '0xabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcd';

export const MOCK_HTTP_RESPONSE_SUCCESS = {
  statusCode: 200 as const,
  headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
  body: new TextEncoder().encode('{"result": "ok"}'),
  errorMessage: '',
};

export const MOCK_HTTP_RESPONSE_ERROR = {
  statusCode: 0 as const,
  headers: {},
  body: new Uint8Array(),
  errorMessage: 'executor timeout',
};

export function makeJobId(seed: string): Hex {
  return `0x${Buffer.from(seed.padEnd(32, '\0')).toString('hex')}` as Hex;
}

export function makeMockHTTPResponseData(
  status: number,
  body: string,
  error = ''
): Hex {
  // Returns ABI-encoded HTTP response data for testing short-running async settlement decoding
  const { encodeAbiParameters } = require('viem');
  return encodeAbiParameters(
    [
      { type: 'uint16' },
      { type: 'string[]' },
      { type: 'string[]' },
      { type: 'bytes' },
      { type: 'string' },
    ],
    [status, [], [], new TextEncoder().encode(body), error]
  );
}

Test Timeouts and Retries

// test/helpers.ts
export async function waitForCondition(
  check: () => Promise<boolean>,
  timeoutMs = 60_000,
  pollMs = 2000
): Promise<void> {
  const start = Date.now();
  while (Date.now() - start < timeoutMs) {
    if (await check()) return;
    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, pollMs));
  }
  throw new Error(`Condition not met within ${timeoutMs}ms`);
}

export async function retryAsync<T>(
  fn: () => Promise<T>,
  retries = 3,
  delayMs = 1000
): Promise<T> {
  let lastError: Error | undefined;
  for (let i = 0; i < retries; i++) {
    try {
      return await fn();
    } catch (err) {
      lastError = err as Error;
      if (i < retries - 1) {
        await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, delayMs * (i + 1)));
      }
    }
  }
  throw lastError;
}

Quick Reference

Item	Value
Foundry test command	`forge test -vvv`
Fork test command	`RITUAL_RPC_URL=... forge test --match-contract Fork -vvv`
Fuzz test command	`forge test --match-test testFuzz -vvv`
viem/unit tests	`npx vitest run`
Integration tests	`npx vitest run --config vitest.integration.config.ts`
Gas snapshot	`forge snapshot`
Coverage	`forge coverage`
Mock precompile	`vm.mockCall(address(0x0801), "", responseBytes)`
Etch precompile	`vm.etch(address(0x0801), mockContract.code)`
AsyncJobTracker	`0xC069FFCa0389f44eCA2C626e55491b0ab045AEF5`
TEEServiceRegistry	`0x9644e8562cE0Fe12b4deeC4163c064A8862Bf47F`
RitualWallet	`0x532F0dF0896F353d8C3DD8cc134e8129DA2a3948`
Chain ID	1979
ABI encoding	`encodeAbiParameters` / `decodeAbiParameters` from viem
Executor query	`publicClient.readContract({ address: TEE_SERVICE_REGISTRY, ... })`
DA providers	Test with GCS (default), HuggingFace, and Pinata — see `ritual-dapp-da` for StorageRef format

SKILL.md

Testing & Debugging — Ritual dApp Patterns

Overview

Testing Pyramid for Ritual dApps

1. Foundry Unit Tests

Basic Consumer Contract Test

Async Consumer with Callback Tests

Fuzz Testing Fee Calculations

2. Mock Precompile Responses

Using vm.mockCall

Using vm.etch for Complex Mocks

Parameterized Mock — Return Different Results per Input

3. Fork Testing — Test Against Live Ritual Chain

Basic Fork Test

Fork Test with Contract Deployment

Foundry Configuration for Fork Tests

eth_call Behavior with Precompiles

4. Precompile Encoding Unit Tests (Vitest)

ABI Encoding Round-Trip Tests

Executor Query Tests

5. Integration Tests — viem Against Ritual Chain

Setup

HTTP Call Integration Test

Wallet Integration Test

6. Frontend Testing

7. Debugging Guide

Common Issues and Solutions

Transaction stuck in pending

Executor not found

Callback not firing

Insufficient balance

Wrong result format

Tracing stuck transactions

8. Common Error Codes and Fixes

9. Environment & Run Commands

11. Test Utilities and Helpers

Shared Test Fixtures

Test Timeouts and Retries

Quick Reference

Keep looking