Unity yaml editing guide

Guide for directly editing Unity YAML-serialized asset files for Unity projects.

Rules

• Edit only the following allowlist of simple YAML asset types. Other YAML assets (AnimationClip, AnimatorController, Texture2D, Mesh, AudioClip, LightingDataAsset, etc.) carry binary-derived data or complex internal structure — open them in Unity Editor instead.
  • ScriptableObject (MonoBehaviour, class ID 114) — files *.asset
  • Material (Material, class ID 21) — files *.mat
• Never directly edit .unity or .prefab files. Use edit-scene skill — those carry GameObject/Prefab-instance structure that is unsafe to author by hand.
• Never touch .meta files. Unity owns .meta content (GUIDs, importer settings); hand-edits corrupt asset references project-wide.
• Preserve the mandatory two-line header exactly. Lines 1–2 must be %YAML 1.1 and %TAG !u! tag:unity3d.com,2011: — these are not stylistic, and Unity will fail to load the asset if they drift.
• Preserve the document marker. --- !u!<classID> &<fileID> — for ScriptableObject use --- !u!114 &11400000, for Material use --- !u!21 &2100000 (canonical local anchors).
• Keep the canonical preamble field order at the top of the mapping. For ScriptableObject (MonoBehaviour:), the order is m_ObjectHideFlags → m_CorrespondingSourceObject → m_PrefabInstance → m_PrefabAsset → m_GameObject → m_Enabled → m_EditorHideFlags → m_Script → m_Name → m_EditorClassIdentifier. User fields come after.
• Keep m_Name in sync with the filename (without the .asset / .mat extension) — a mismatch confuses Unity's importer and Resources.Load-style lookups.
• Cross-file object references need all three keys — {fileID: N, guid: <32-hex>, type: T} where type: 2 is a project asset and type: 3 is a script. Local references use {fileID: N} matching an &N anchor in the same file; {fileID: 0} means null.
• Quote strings only when they contain non-ASCII characters, and escape every non-ASCII code point as \uXXXX inside double quotes — plain ASCII stays unquoted. Match how Unity itself emits the file.
• Use 2-space indent, LF line endings, UTF-8 without BOM, and a trailing newline at EOF. Tabs, CRLF, or a BOM round-trip badly when Unity re-saves the file.
• Do not add comments, YAML aliases (*name), extra tags, or chomping indicators (|, >). Unity's YAML parser drops or rejects them, and re-save would strip cosmetic formatting anyway — don't bother polishing what Unity will normalize.
• After editing, let Unity re-import the asset (focus the Editor) and confirm successful import using get_unity_compilation_result. Review the diff Unity produces on next save to confirm the edit was accepted as intended.

Gotchas

• Verify the file starts with %YAML 1.1 before editing. If it does not, the project is in Binary or Mixed serialization mode and the asset must not be hand-edited — open it in the Unity Editor instead.
• Never invent an m_Script GUID. Copy from an existing asset of the same ScriptableObject type, or look up the script's .cs.meta file — fabricated GUIDs detach the asset from its script.
• Auto-property backing fields appear literally as <PropertyName>k__BackingField. Do not rename them to the property name — the serialized name is the C# compiler's backing-field symbol.
• Use Unity's scalar forms, not generic YAML forms — bools as 0 / 1 (never true / false), enums and ints bare, floats as plain decimals, Vector3 as {x: 0, y: 0, z: 0} flow style, Quaternion as {x: 0, y: 0, z: 0, w: 1}, Color as {r: 1, g: 1, b: 1, a: 1}.

Scalar quick-reference

Type	Form	Example
bool	0 / 1	m_Enabled: 1
int / enum	bare integer	<Cost>k__BackingField: 1
float	plain decimal	m_Glossiness: 0.5
ASCII string	unquoted	m_Name: DryPrinciple
non-ASCII string	double-quoted, \uXXXX escapes	"DRY原則"
Vector3	flow mapping	{x: 0, y: 0, z: 0}
Quaternion	flow mapping	{x: 0, y: 0, z: 0, w: 1}
Color	flow mapping	{r: 1, g: 1, b: 1, a: 1}
local ref	flow mapping	{fileID: 11400000}
cross-file ref	flow mapping	{fileID: 11400000, guid: <32-hex>, type: 2}
null ref	flow mapping	{fileID: 0}
list of refs	block sequence with - bullets	one - {fileID: ...} per line

Resources

• Before editing any .asset or .mat file (header, m_Script, class-typed contents, or unfamiliar field): Read ${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/resources/asset-yaml-format.md