Redis patterns
Skill mturac/everything-openai-codex/docs/ja-JP/skills/redis-patterns
EOC: open-source operating system for OpenAI Codex workflows with agents, skills, hooks, rules, memory, safety gates, and cross-harness adapters.
npx -y skills add mturac/everything-openai-codex --skill redis-patternsAssembled from the repository path, not quoted from the project. Check it against their README if it does not work.
What its author says it does
Copied from the file, not written here
Redisデータ構造パターン、キャッシング戦略、分散ロック、レート制限、Pub/Sub、本番アプリケーション用コネクション管理。
SKILL.md
12.4 KB, as published. Nobody here has run it
Redis Patterns
一般的なバックエンド使用例に対するRedisベストプラクティスの参考資料。
How It Works
Redisはメモリ内データ構造ストアで、文字列、ハッシュ、リスト、セット、ソート済みセット、ストリームなどをサポートします。単一インスタンスでは個々のRedisコマンドは原子的ですが、マルチステップワークフローはLuaスクリプト、MULTI/EXECトランザクション、または明示的な同期化が必要です。RDBスナップショットまたはAOFログを通じてデータをオプションで永続化します。クライアントはRESPプロトコルを使用してTCP経由で通信します。接続プール不可欠でリクエストごとのハンドシェイクオーバーヘッドを回避します。
When to Activate
- アプリケーションにキャッシング追加
- レート制限またはスロットリング実装
- 分散ロックまたはコーディネーション構築
- セッションまたはトークンストレージ設定
- Pub/SubまたはRedis Streams for messaging使用
- 本番環境でRedis設定(プール、削除、クラスタリング)
Data Structure Cheat Sheet
| Use Case | Structure | Example Key |
|---|---|---|
| Simple cache | String | product:123 |
| User session | Hash | session:abc |
| Leaderboard | Sorted Set | scores:weekly |
| Unique visitors | Set | visitors:2024-01-01 |
| Activity feed | List | feed:user:456 |
| Event stream | Stream | events:orders |
| Counters / rate limits | String (INCR) | ratelimit:user:123 |
| Bloom filter / HLL | HyperLogLog | hll:pageviews |
Core Patterns
Cache-Aside (Lazy Loading)
import redis
import json
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, decode_responses=True)
def get_product(product_id: int):
cache_key = f"product:{product_id}"
cached = r.get(cache_key)
if cached:
return json.loads(cached)
product = db.query("SELECT * FROM products WHERE id = %s", product_id)
r.setex(cache_key, 3600, json.dumps(product)) # TTL: 1 hour
return product
Write-Through Cache
def update_product(product_id: int, data: dict):
# DB書き込み先
db.execute("UPDATE products SET ... WHERE id = %s", product_id)
# キャッシュを即座に更新
cache_key = f"product:{product_id}"
r.setex(cache_key, 3600, json.dumps(data))
Cache Invalidation
# タグベース削除 — セット内で関連キーをグループ化
def cache_product(product_id: int, category_id: int, data: dict):
key = f"product:{product_id}"
tag = f"tag:category:{category_id}"
pipe = r.pipeline(transaction=True)
pipe.setex(key, 3600, json.dumps(data))
pipe.sadd(tag, key)
pipe.expire(tag, 3600)
pipe.execute()
def invalidate_category(category_id: int):
tag = f"tag:category:{category_id}"
keys = r.smembers(tag)
if keys:
r.delete(*keys)
r.delete(tag)
Session Storage
import time
import uuid
def create_session(user_id: int, ttl: int = 86400) -> str:
session_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
key = f"session:{session_id}"
pipe = r.pipeline(transaction=True)
pipe.hset(key, mapping={
"user_id": user_id,
"created_at": int(time.time()),
})
pipe.expire(key, ttl)
pipe.execute()
return session_id
def get_session(session_id: str) -> dict | None:
data = r.hgetall(f"session:{session_id}")
return data if data else None
def delete_session(session_id: str):
r.delete(f"session:{session_id}")
Rate Limiting
Fixed Window (Simple)
def is_rate_limited(user_id: int, limit: int = 100, window: int = 60) -> bool:
key = f"ratelimit:{user_id}:{int(time.time()) // window}"
pipe = r.pipeline(transaction=True)
pipe.incr(key)
pipe.expire(key, window)
count, _ = pipe.execute()
return count > limit
Sliding Window (Lua — Atomic)
-- sliding_window.lua
local key = KEYS[1]
local now = tonumber(ARGV[1])
local window = tonumber(ARGV[2])
local limit = tonumber(ARGV[3])
redis.call('ZREMRANGEBYSCORE', key, 0, now - window)
local count = redis.call('ZCARD', key)
if count < limit then
-- Use unique member (now + sequence) to avoid collisions within the same millisecond
local seq_key = key .. ':seq'
local seq = redis.call('INCR', seq_key)
redis.call('EXPIRE', seq_key, math.ceil(window / 1000))
redis.call('ZADD', key, now, now .. '-' .. seq)
redis.call('EXPIRE', key, math.ceil(window / 1000))
return 1
end
return 0
sliding_window = r.register_script(open('sliding_window.lua').read())
def allow_request(user_id: int) -> bool:
key = f"ratelimit:sliding:{user_id}"
now = int(time.time() * 1000)
return bool(sliding_window(keys=[key], args=[now, 60000, 100]))
Distributed Locks
Distributed Lock (Single Node — SET NX PX)
import uuid
def acquire_lock(resource: str, ttl_ms: int = 5000) -> str | None:
lock_key = f"lock:{resource}"
token = str(uuid.uuid4())
acquired = r.set(lock_key, token, px=ttl_ms, nx=True)
return token if acquired else None
def release_lock(resource: str, token: str) -> bool:
release_script = """
if redis.call('get', KEYS[1]) == ARGV[1] then
return redis.call('del', KEYS[1])
else
return 0
end
"""
result = r.eval(release_script, 1, f"lock:{resource}", token)
return bool(result)
# Usage
token = acquire_lock("order:payment:123")
if token:
try:
process_payment()
finally:
release_lock("order:payment:123", token)
マルチノード設定の場合、フルRedlockアルゴリズムを実装する
redlock-pyライブラリを使用してください。
Pub/Sub & Streams
Pub/Sub (Fire-and-Forget)
# Publisher
def publish_event(channel: str, payload: dict):
r.publish(channel, json.dumps(payload))
# Subscriber (blocking — run in separate thread/process)
def subscribe_events(channel: str):
pubsub = r.pubsub()
pubsub.subscribe(channel)
for message in pubsub.listen():
if message['type'] == 'message':
handle(json.loads(message['data']))
Redis Streams (Durable Queue)
# Producer
def emit(stream: str, event: dict):
r.xadd(stream, event, maxlen=10000) # Cap stream length
# Consumer group — guarantees at-least-once delivery
try:
r.xgroup_create('events:orders', 'processor', id='0', mkstream=True)
except Exception:
pass # Group already exists
def consume(stream: str, group: str, consumer: str):
while True:
messages = r.xreadgroup(group, consumer, {stream: '>'}, count=10, block=2000)
for _, entries in (messages or []):
for msg_id, data in entries:
process(data)
r.xack(stream, group, msg_id)
配信保証、コンシューマーグループ、または再生が必要な場合、Pub/Sub代わりにStreamsを優先してください。
Key Design
Naming Conventions
# Pattern: resource:id:field
user:123:profile
order:456:status
cache:product:789
# Pattern: namespace:resource:id
myapp:session:abc123
myapp:ratelimit:user:123
# Pattern: resource:date (time-bound keys)
stats:pageviews:2024-01-01
TTL Strategy
| Data Type | Suggested TTL |
|---|---|
| User session | 24h (86400) |
| API response cache | 5–15 min |
| Rate limit window | Match window size |
| Short-lived tokens | 5–10 min |
| Leaderboard | 1h–24h |
| Static/reference data | 1h–1 week |
常にTTLを設定してください。TTLなしのキーは無限に蓄積してメモリ圧力を引き起こします。
Connection Management
Connection Pooling
from redis import ConnectionPool, Redis
pool = ConnectionPool(
host='localhost',
port=6379,
db=0,
max_connections=20,
decode_responses=True,
socket_connect_timeout=2,
socket_timeout=2,
)
r = Redis(connection_pool=pool)
Cluster Mode
from redis.cluster import RedisCluster
r = RedisCluster(
startup_nodes=[{"host": "redis-1", "port": 6379}],
decode_responses=True,
skip_full_coverage_check=True,
)
Sentinel (High Availability)
from redis.sentinel import Sentinel
sentinel = Sentinel(
[('sentinel-1', 26379), ('sentinel-2', 26379)],
socket_timeout=0.5,
)
master = sentinel.master_for('mymaster', decode_responses=True)
replica = sentinel.slave_for('mymaster', decode_responses=True)
Eviction Policies
| Policy | Behavior | Best For |
|---|---|---|
noeviction | Error on write when full | Queues / critical data |
allkeys-lru | Evict least recently used | General cache |
volatile-lru | LRU only among keys with TTL | Mixed data store |
allkeys-lfu | Evict least frequently used | Skewed access patterns |
volatile-ttl | Evict soonest-to-expire | Prioritize long-lived data |
redis.confを通じて設定:maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
Anti-Patterns
| Anti-Pattern | Problem | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Keys with no TTL | Memory grows unbounded | Always set TTL |
KEYS * in production | Blocks the server (O(N)) | Use SCAN cursor |
| Storing large blobs (>100KB) | Slow serialization, memory pressure | Store reference + fetch from object store |
| Single Redis for everything | No isolation between cache & queue | Use separate DBs or instances |
| Ignoring connection pool limits | Connection exhaustion under load | Size pool to workload |
| Not handling cache miss stampede | Thundering herd on cold start | Use locks or probabilistic early expiry |
FLUSHALL without thought | Wipes entire instance | Scope deletes by key pattern |
Cache Miss Stampede Prevention
import threading
_locks: dict[str, threading.Lock] = {}
_locks_mutex = threading.Lock()
def get_with_lock(key: str, fetch_fn, ttl: int = 300):
cached = r.get(key)
if cached:
return json.loads(cached)
with _locks_mutex:
if key not in _locks:
_locks[key] = threading.Lock()
lock = _locks[key]
with lock:
cached = r.get(key) # Re-check after acquiring lock
if cached:
return json.loads(cached)
value = fetch_fn()
r.setex(key, ttl, json.dumps(value))
return value
マルチプロセスデプロイメント:インプロセスロックを上記の分散ロックセクション から
acquire_lock/release_lockに置き換えてください。
Examples
Django/Flask APIエンドポイントにキャッシング追加: レスポンスに5分TTLでCache-asideを使用。リクエストパラメータでキーを指定。
ユーザーごとにAPIレート制限:
低トラフィックエンドポイントに固定ウィンドウを pipeline(transaction=True) で使用;正確なユーザーごと制限にはsliding-windowの Lua使用。
ワーカー間のバックグラウンドジョブ調整:
予想ジョブ期間を超えるTTLで acquire_lock を使用。常に finally ブロックでリリース。
複数購読者への通知のファンアウト: ファイアアンドフォーゲットにPub/Subを使用。保証配信または再生が必要な場合、Streamsに切り替え。
Quick Reference
| Pattern | When to Use |
|---|---|
| Cache-aside | Read-heavy, tolerate slight staleness |
| Write-through | Strong consistency required |
| Distributed lock | Prevent concurrent access to a resource |
| Sliding window rate limit | Accurate per-user throttling |
| Redis Streams | Durable event queue with consumer groups |
| Pub/Sub | Broadcast with no delivery guarantees needed |
| Sorted Set leaderboard | Ranked scoring, pagination |
| HyperLogLog | Approximate unique count at low memory |
Related
- Skill:
postgres-patterns— リレーショナルデータパターン - Skill:
backend-patterns— APIおよびサービスレイヤーパターン - Skill:
database-migrations— スキーマバージョニング - Skill:
django-patterns— Djangoキャッシュフレームワーク統合 - Agent:
database-reviewer— 全データベースレビューワークフロー