Cloud audit

Cloud Audit — Cloud Infrastructure Security Review

Audit cloud infrastructure configurations for misconfigurations, excessive permissions, public exposure, and compliance gaps. Covers AWS, GCP, and Azure.

Cross-references: iam-audit for the consultant-style IAM deep-dive (design / audit / migrate across identity providers and federation patterns) — this skill includes an IAM section but stays at the cloud-posture level; for role design, JIT access, workload identity federation, and migration plans, invoke iam-audit. container-audit for Kubernetes-specific posture sitting on top of cloud. secrets-audit for secrets-manager hygiene and rotation.

Findings should use the three-disposition rule (Fixed / Deferred / Accepted Risk) per owasp-audit's Report Format.

Scope the Audit

Identify:

1. Cloud provider(s) and account(s)
2. Regions in use
3. Whether CLI tools are available (aws, gcloud, az) or reviewing IaC files (Terraform, CloudFormation, Pulumi)

Audit Categories

Identity and Access Management

AWS:

aws iam get-account-summary
aws iam list-users
aws iam generate-credential-report && aws iam get-credential-report --output text --query Content | base64 -d

Check for: root account usage without MFA, access keys older than 90 days, unused credentials, wildcard permissions ("Action": "*"), overprivileged roles.

GCP:

gcloud projects get-iam-policy $PROJECT_ID
gcloud iam service-accounts list

Check for: primitive roles (Owner/Editor) on too many principals, unused service accounts, service account keys instead of workload identity.

Azure:

az role assignment list --all
az ad user list

Check for: excessive Owner/Contributor assignments, guest users with high privileges.

IaC review: Grep Terraform/CloudFormation files for "Action": "*", "Resource": "*", hardcoded secrets, overly broad trust policies.

Network Security

Check for:

• Security groups or firewall rules allowing 0.0.0.0/0 ingress
• Unrestricted SSH (port 22) or RDP (port 3389) from the internet
• VPC flow logs disabled
• Databases in public subnets
• Missing network segmentation between tiers

Storage

AWS S3:

aws s3api list-buckets
aws s3api get-public-access-block --bucket <name>
aws s3api get-bucket-policy --bucket <name>
aws s3api get-bucket-encryption --bucket <name>

Check for: public buckets, missing encryption, no versioning, no lifecycle policies, overly permissive bucket policies.

GCP/Azure: Equivalent checks for Cloud Storage and Blob Storage — look for allUsers/allAuthenticatedUsers access or anonymous blob access.

Compute

• IMDSv2 enforced? (AWS: HttpTokens = required)
• Unencrypted EBS volumes or disks
• Public IP addresses on instances that don't need them
• Outdated AMIs or images (check patch age)
• Privileged containers, missing security contexts in Kubernetes

Logging and Monitoring

• CloudTrail / Cloud Audit Logs / Activity Log enabled in all regions
• Log storage: encrypted, immutable, adequate retention
• GuardDuty / Security Command Center / Defender for Cloud enabled
• Alerting configured for: root login, IAM changes, security group changes, large data transfers
• VPC Flow Logs and DNS query logs enabled

Secrets Management

• Hardcoded secrets in source code, environment variables, or IaC files
• Secrets Manager / Key Vault usage for sensitive values
• KMS key rotation configured

Output Format

# Cloud Security Audit Report
## Account(s): [account ID(s)]
## Provider: [AWS/GCP/Azure]
## Regions: [audited regions]
## Date: [date]

### Summary
- Total findings: X
- Critical: X | High: X | Medium: X | Low: X

### Findings

#### [SEVERITY] [Category]: [Title]
**Resource:** [resource ARN/ID]
**Region:** [region]

**Issue:** [What the misconfiguration is]

**Risk:** [What an attacker could do]

**Evidence:** [CLI output or IaC snippet]

**Remediation:** [Specific fix command or IaC change]

---

### Prioritized Action Plan
1. [Critical — immediate]
2. [High — this week]
3. [Medium — this month]
4. [Low — next quarter]

Boundaries

• Only audit accounts or projects the user has access to
• Do not attempt to access other accounts or tenants
• Provide remediation for every finding
• Note if a fix might impact availability (e.g., tightening a security group could break connectivity)
• Flag any evidence of active compromise found during the audit
• Refuse requests to exploit found misconfigurations on others' infrastructure

References

• CIS Benchmarks for AWS/GCP/Azure
• AWS Well-Architected Security Pillar
• ScoutSuite (multi-cloud auditing tool)