Analyzing malicious vbscript and wsf
Skill meltedinhex/analyst-ai-pack/skills/analyzing-malicious-vbscript-and-wsf
An open agent-skills library for malware analysis, reverse engineering, and threat hunting - 118 curated, runnable skills mapped to MITRE ATT&CK, D3FEND, and CAR.
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Analyzes malicious VBScript, WSF, and HTA scripts: parsing WSF/HTA containers, decoding VBScript.Encode (#@~^) and string obfuscation, and identifying WScript.Shell/ActiveX abuse to recover dropper behavior. Activates for requests to analyze VBScript, decode a WSF/HTA, or investigate a Windows Script Host dropper.
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SKILL.md
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Analyzing Malicious VBScript and WSF
When to Use
- You have a
.vbs,.wsf, or.htadelivered via phishing and need its real behavior. - You must decode
VBScript.Encode-obfuscated script (the#@~^marker) or string obfuscation. - You are identifying WScript.Shell/ActiveX-based dropper actions and IOCs.
Do not use wscript/cscript/mshta to run the script for analysis — that executes the
dropper. Decode and read it statically.
Prerequisites
- A static decoder (Python) or a script sandbox; the sample handled inertly in the lab.
Safety & Handling
- Never run the script with Windows Script Host (
wscript/cscript/mshta). - Defang recovered URLs; store dropped payloads password-protected.
Workflow
Step 1: Parse the container
For WSF, parse the XML <job>/<script> elements (a WSF can bundle multiple languages). For HTA,
separate the HTML wrapper from the <script> body.
python scripts/analyst.py analyze sample.wsf
Step 2: Decode VBScript.Encode
If you see the #@~^ header, decode the Microsoft Script Encoder stream back to source.
Step 3: Unroll string obfuscation
Resolve Chr()/Asc() builds, string concatenation, and Replace()-based deobfuscators to
reveal commands and URLs.
Step 4: Identify dropper actions and IOCs
Find CreateObject("WScript.Shell"), Run/Exec, ADODB/MSXML download patterns, and PowerShell
hand-offs; recover URLs/paths, defang, and route payloads onward.
Validation
- WSF/HTA containers are decomposed into their script bodies (all jobs/languages).
VBScript.Encodestreams are decoded to readable source.- Dropper actions and IOCs are recovered without executing the script.
Pitfalls
- Executing with
wscript/mshtato "see" behavior, infecting the host. - Missing one
<script>block in a multi-job WSF. - Overlooking the
#@~^encoded section and analyzing only the cleartext stub.
References
- See
references/api-reference.mdfor the WSF/VBScript decoder. - Windows Script Host docs and the Script Encoder format (linked in frontmatter).