Osint methodology

OSINT Collection Methodology

Collection Planning

Before collecting, define:

1. Objective: What specific intelligence do we need?
2. Scope: What sources are relevant? What's out of scope?
3. Keywords: Search terms, aliases, IOCs to look for
4. Time constraints: How recent must the intelligence be?
5. Documentation: How will findings be recorded?

Source Categories

Category	Sources	Best For
Government advisories	CISA, NCSC, CERT-EU, national CERTs	Authoritative threat alerts, vulnerability warnings
Vendor reports	Mandiant, CrowdStrike, Microsoft, Recorded Future, Talos	Campaign analysis, actor profiles, malware analysis
Security research	Blogs, conference talks, academic papers	Novel techniques, deep dives, vulnerability research
Underground	Forum mirrors, paste sites, Telegram (public), leak aggregators	Threat actor communications, credential dumps, tools
Code repositories	GitHub, GitLab	Malware source, PoC exploits, attacker tools, leaked configs
Certificate transparency	crt.sh, Censys	Domain enumeration, infrastructure mapping
DNS/WHOIS	SecurityTrails, DomainTools, RiskIQ (via web search)	Infrastructure relationships, historical records
News/media	Tech press, infosec news sites	Incident reports, geopolitical context
Social media	X/Twitter, LinkedIn, Reddit (public)	OPSEC failures, community intelligence, actor claims

Search Operator Cheat Sheet

Google Dorks

site:example.com filetype:pdf         # PDFs on a specific site
"threat actor" AND "APT28" -site:reddit.com  # Exclude noise
inurl:"/wp-content/uploads/" filetype:exe    # Exposed uploads
"index of" "/backup"                   # Directory listings
intitle:"login" site:*.example.com     # Login pages on subdomains

GitHub Search

org:target-org password                # Leaked credentials
filename:.env DB_PASSWORD              # Exposed environment files
"api_key" language:python              # Hardcoded API keys
"BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY"                # Exposed private keys

Certificate Transparency (crt.sh)

https://crt.sh/?q=%.example.com        # All certs for subdomains
https://crt.sh/?q=example.com&output=json  # JSON output

Shodan Dorks (via web)

ssl.cert.subject.cn:"example.com"      # Certificates for domain
http.title:"Dashboard" org:"Target"    # Web dashboards
product:"Cobalt Strike"                # C2 servers

Collection Process

1. Broad Sweep

Start with broad searches to understand what's available:

• Search for the topic/actor/indicator across major sources
• Note the quantity and quality of available information
• Identify the most promising sources for deeper collection

2. Targeted Collection

Narrow down to specific sources and extract detailed intelligence:

• Read full reports, not just headlines
• Extract specific IOCs, TTPs, dates, and attribution claims
• Note each source's perspective and potential biases

3. Source Assessment

Apply Admiralty Scale to every finding (per source-assessment skill):

• Rate source reliability (A-F)
• Rate information credibility (1-6)
• Note whether information is corroborated across sources

4. Documentation

Record every finding with full attribution:

#### Finding: [Title]
- **Source**: [URL or description]
- **Source rating**: [Admiralty code, e.g., B2]
- **Date collected**: YYYY-MM-DD
- **Date of information**: YYYY-MM-DD (when was this information produced?)
- **Summary**: [Key intelligence extracted]
- **Relevance**: [How this relates to the collection objective]

Ethical and Legal Boundaries

• Only access publicly available information
• Do not create fake accounts or impersonate anyone
• Do not attempt to access restricted systems
• Respect robots.txt and terms of service
• Be aware of data protection regulations (GDPR)
• Do not engage with threat actors or participate in illegal activity

Related skills

When OSINT collection surfaces an indicator, route into the appropriate enrichment / pivot:

• Bulk IOC enrichment — /ioc-enrichment-workflow chains /lookup-virustotal, /lookup-otx, /lookup-shodan, /lookup-abuseipdb, /lookup-greynoise, /lookup-urlscan, /lookup-censys, and /lookup-misp
• Single-indicator first hop — /ip-investigation, /domain-investigation, /hash-investigation, /url-investigation
• Multi-hop graph walk — /indicator-pivoting
• Internal correlation against your own catalogue — /lookup-misp search-attributes / search-events
• Ransomware victim-status sweeps on org names — /lookup-ransomwarelive search --q <orgname>
• Underground forums and Telegram — /darkweb-collection (read its OPSEC primer before any DIY collection)
• Apply rigor to the finished product — /score-source, /apply-tlp, /confidence-language, /likelihood-language