Runes minting

Runes Minting Skill

What is a Rune?

Runes is a Bitcoin-native fungible token protocol introduced by Casey Rodarmor (also the creator of Ordinals). Unlike BRC-20 or other meta-protocols, Runes stores all state directly on Bitcoin L1 — no off-chain indexer assumptions, no NFT envelope. A Runestone is a structured OP_RETURN OP_13 output embedded in a standard Bitcoin transaction.

This system builds Runestones inside the Rust TEE Enclave using the ordinals crate directly. No external CLI (ord) is involved.

Two Distinct Operations

The mint_rune tool covers the complete Rune lifecycle:

Operation	When to use	Key parameter
Etch	Creating a brand-new Rune for the first time	rune_name
Mint	Claiming tokens from an existing open-mint Rune	rune_id

These are mutually exclusive — provide either rune_name or rune_id, never both.

---

Operation 1: ETCH (Deploy a new Rune)

Step 1 — Validate the Rune name

Names must be uppercase A–Z with optional bullet spacers • (U+2022). No lowercase, no digits, no leading/trailing spacers.

Valid: SOVEREIGN, BITCOIN•PIZZA, OP•RETURN•WAR•II Invalid: sovereign, BITCOIN_PIZZA, •LEADER

Normalize user input to uppercase before calling the tool.

Step 2 — Decide on mint model

Ask the user (or infer from context) whether they want:

Closed premine (default, open_mint: false):

• All supply goes to the enclave address in this one transaction.
• Nobody else can mint. Total supply = amount.
• Use for controlled token launches.

Open mint (open_mint: true):

• The Etch transaction includes Runes Terms tags.
• Each subsequent Mint transaction issues amount tokens to the minter.
• Cap = effectively unlimited (u128::MAX) in the current implementation.
• Use when the user says "fair launch", "anyone can mint", or "open mint".

Step 3 — Call mint_rune for Etch

{
  "rune_name": "SOVEREIGN",
  "amount": 1000,
  "divisibility": 0,
  "symbol": "₿",
  "open_mint": false
}

Parameter reference:

• rune_name (required): Validated uppercase name with bullet spacers.
• amount (required): Premine supply (closed) or per-mint amount (open). Default: 1000.
• divisibility (optional): Decimal places, 0–38. Default: 0.
• symbol (optional): Single Unicode ticker character. Default: ¤.
• open_mint (optional): true to enable Terms. Default: false.

---

Operation 2: MINT (Claim from an existing Rune)

Used when the target Rune was already etched with open_mint: true (Terms set).

Step 1 — Get the Rune ID

The user must provide the Rune ID in block:tx format, for example 3007261:2. This is the block height and transaction index of the original etch transaction. It can be found on any Runes-aware explorer (e.g. ord, Luminex, Magic Eden).

Step 2 — Call mint_rune for Mint

{
  "rune_id": "3007261:2",
  "amount": 1000
}

Parameter reference:

• rune_id (required): The block:tx RuneId of the Rune to mint.
• amount (optional): Informational only for the receipt — the actual amount issued per mint is set by the Rune's Terms in the protocol. Default: 1000.
• destination_address (optional): A personal BTC address to receive the minted Runes immediately (Direct Delivery).
• Optional extra payments can be included alongside the mint (see TOOL_SCHEMAS).

---

Direct Delivery (Vassal State)

By default, the Agent keeps minted assets in its internal Enclave wallet. To establish an "Agent-Master" relationship, the agent should prioritize Direct Delivery:

• Requirement: Use the destination_address parameter in the mint_rune tool.
• Result: The Rune units (vout[1] dust) are sent directly to the User's vault.
• Note: The Enclave remains the orchestrator, but the User is the ultimate beneficiary.

Known Rune IDs (Aliases)

To prevent invalid "Etching" attempts on existing popular Runes, use the following verified IDs for the mint_rune tool:

Name	Verified ID	Action
OP•RETURN•WAR	894897:128	MINT (Sovereign Default)
OP RETURN WARS	894897:128	MINT (Sovereign Default)

---

Agent Reasoning Protocol (The Sniper Guard)

Before attempting to etch a Rune with a rune_name, the Agent must ensure the name is cryptographically unlocked on the network.

Step 1: Calculate the Unlock Block

Use the protocol formula (Bullets • are ignored in length calculation):

• 13+ characters: Unlocked at Block 840,000.
• Short names (< 13 chars): UnlockBlock = 840,000 + (13 - length) * 17,500.

Context: Block 945,000 unlocks 7-character names.

Step 2: Verify Network State

1. Call get_btc_price to fetch the current block height.
2. Compare CurrentHeight with UnlockBlock.

Step 3: Act

• If CurrentHeight < UnlockBlock:
  • REFUSE to call the mint_rune tool.
  • Explain: "The name [NAME] is too short. It unlocks at block [X]. We are currently at block [Y]. I will not waste your fees on a transaction that the enclave and protocol will reject. Please consider a longer name or wait for the unlock block."
• If CurrentHeight ≥ UnlockBlock:
  • Proceed with mint_rune call.
  • Always use destination_address for Direct Delivery if on Mainnet.

Interpreting Responses

The tool returns a formatted string, never JSON. Two outcomes:

Success — contains ✅ or TXID:

🪙 RUNE ETCHED SUCCESSFULLY
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Rune Name  : SOVEREIGN
Supply     : 1,000 (divisibility: 0)
Symbol     : ₿
Protocol   : OP_RETURN OP_13 (Runes)
TXID       : <64-char hex>
Explorer   : https://mutinynet.com/tx/<txid>
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

Failure — contains ⚠️. Common causes:

• Insufficient balance → ~2,000 sats needed (546 dust + network fee)
• Invalid Rune name → re-validate and normalize to uppercase
• Invalid Rune ID → must be block:tx format
• Enclave offline → start the Rust signer on port 7777

Never hallucinate a success receipt. Surface errors verbatim.

---

Transaction Layout

Every Rune transaction (Etch or Mint) uses this output order:

output[0]    0-sat Runestone OP_RETURN OP_13  (built by TEE Rust forge)
output[1]    546-sat dust → RECIPIENT        (Rune owner, Edict/Pointer set)
output[2..N] optional extra payment outputs   (if payments[] was provided)
output[N+1]  change → enclave address         (if remaining ≥ 330 sat)

The Simplicity allowance.simf contract:

• Deducts the 546-sat dust from the daily allowance (normal spend).
• Ignores the 0-sat Runestone (zero-value outputs are excluded automatically).

---

Protocol Reference

OP_RETURN (0x6a)  — marks output as provably unspendable
OP_13     (0x5d)  — Runes magic discriminant (decimal 13)
<varint tag-value pairs>

Key tags — Etching:

• Tag 2 → flags (bit 0 = Etching, bit 1 = Terms/open-mint)
• Tag 4 → rune (numeric encoding of the name)
• Tag 6 → divisibility
• Tag 8 → spacers (bitmask for bullet positions)
• Tag 10 → symbol
• Tag 12 → premine
• Tag 20 → amount (per-mint cap, only if Terms flag set)
• Tag 22 → cap (total mint limit, only if Terms flag set)

Key tags — Minting:

• Tag 20 → mint block (RuneId block component)
• Tag 22 → mint tx (RuneId tx component)

The ordinals::Runestone::encipher() method handles all encoding. Invariant bytes[0]==0x6a && bytes[1]==0x5d is enforced by unit tests in enclave-signer/src/runes_forge.rs.

---

Security Constraints (Enclave-Enforced)

1. No ord CLI: All Runestone construction runs in the Rust TEE via the ordinals crate. The agent never shells out to external tools.

2. Divisibility cap: Protocol maximum is 38. Forge rejects divisibility > 38.

3. One Rune operation per transaction: A single PSBT can etch one Rune OR mint one Rune — not both simultaneously.

4. Mainnet name unlock heights: Short names are locked until specific block heights on Bitcoin mainnet per the Runes schedule.

   • 13+ characters: Unlocked at Block 840,000.
   • < 13 characters: One character unlocks every 17,500 blocks.
   • Formula: UnlockBlock = 840,000 + (13 - length) * 17,500.
   • Agent Rule: Proactively check current block height and name length. If locked, inform the user: "Rune name [NAME] is locked until block [HEIGHT]. Would you like to use a longer name or wait?"

---

Capability Status

Feature	Status	Live Proof
Closed premine Etch	✅ Implemented	SOVEREIGN on Mutinynet
Open mint Etch (Terms)	✅ Implemented	OP•RETURN•WAR•II block 3007261
Mint existing Rune by RuneId	✅ Implemented	TXID c56c5f60...
Runestone Priority (vout[0])	✅ Implemented	Compliance verified cf1d1191
Protocol Fee Whitelist	✅ Implemented	Whitelist: bc1pcunemx...
Direct Delivery (Mint-To)	✅ Implemented	destination_address tested
Mainnet Unlock Schedule	✅ Implemented	Enclave-enforced is_name_unlocked
Rune balance query	🔜 Planned	—
Rune transfer (Edicts)	🔜 Planned	—

---

Example Conversations

User: "Mint 1 million SOVEREIGN tokens with 2 decimal places."

{ "rune_name": "SOVEREIGN", "amount": 1000000, "divisibility": 2 }

User: "Launch OP•RETURN•WAR•II as a fair-mint token with 1000 per mint."

{ "rune_name": "OP•RETURN•WAR•II", "amount": 1000, "open_mint": true }

User: "Mint some OP•RETURN•WAR•II — the ID is 3007261:2."

{ "rune_id": "3007261:2", "amount": 1000 }

User: "Mint 500 units of rune 3007261:2 and also send 1337 sats to tb1p..."

{
  "rune_id": "3007261:2",
  "amount": 500,
  "payments": [{ "address": "tb1p...", "amount_sats": 1337 }]
}

User: "Can anyone else mint SOVEREIGN after I etch it?" → "Only if you etch with open_mint: true. A closed-premine etch (the default) puts all supply in your wallet and nobody else can mint further tokens."