Castai reference architecture

CAST AI Reference Architecture

Overview

Production-grade architecture for managing CAST AI across multiple Kubernetes clusters. Covers Terraform module layout, per-environment policies, API key management, and observability integration.

Prerequisites

• Multiple Kubernetes clusters (dev, staging, production)
• Terraform for infrastructure management
• Centralized secrets management
• Monitoring stack (Prometheus, Grafana, or Datadog)

Terraform Module Structure

infrastructure/
├── modules/
│   └── castai-cluster/
│       ├── main.tf              # CAST AI provider resources
│       ├── variables.tf         # Cluster-specific inputs
│       ├── outputs.tf           # Cluster ID, savings metrics
│       ├── policies.tf          # Autoscaler policy configuration
│       ├── node-templates.tf    # Node template definitions
│       └── security.tf          # Kvisor, RBAC
├── environments/
│   ├── dev/
│   │   ├── main.tf              # Dev cluster onboarding
│   │   ├── terraform.tfvars     # Dev-specific values
│   │   └── backend.tf           # State storage
│   ├── staging/
│   │   ├── main.tf
│   │   ├── terraform.tfvars
│   │   └── backend.tf
│   └── prod/
│       ├── main.tf
│       ├── terraform.tfvars
│       └── backend.tf
└── shared/
    ├── api-keys.tf              # Key management
    └── monitoring.tf            # Alerting rules

Reusable Module

# modules/castai-cluster/main.tf
variable "cluster_name" { type = string }
variable "cluster_id" { type = string }
variable "environment" { type = string }
variable "api_token" { type = string; sensitive = true }
variable "provider_type" { type = string }  # eks, gke, aks
variable "max_cpu_cores" { type = number; default = 100 }
variable "spot_enabled" { type = bool; default = true }
variable "hibernation_enabled" { type = bool; default = false }
variable "evictor_aggressive" { type = bool; default = false }

resource "castai_autoscaler" "this" {
  cluster_id = var.cluster_id

  autoscaler_policies_json = jsonencode({
    enabled = true
    unschedulablePods = {
      enabled = true
      headroom = {
        enabled          = true
        cpuPercentage    = var.environment == "prod" ? 15 : 5
        memoryPercentage = var.environment == "prod" ? 15 : 5
      }
    }
    nodeDownscaler = {
      enabled = true
      emptyNodes = {
        enabled      = true
        delaySeconds = var.environment == "prod" ? 300 : 60
      }
    }
    spotInstances = {
      enabled              = var.spot_enabled
      spotDiversityEnabled = true
    }
    clusterLimits = {
      enabled = true
      cpu     = { minCores = 2, maxCores = var.max_cpu_cores }
    }
  })
}

resource "castai_node_template" "default_spot" {
  cluster_id = var.cluster_id
  name       = "${var.environment}-spot-workers"
  is_enabled = var.spot_enabled

  constraints {
    spot               = true
    use_spot_fallbacks = true
    architectures      = ["amd64"]
  }
}

Per-Environment Configuration

# environments/dev/terraform.tfvars
environment          = "dev"
max_cpu_cores        = 16
spot_enabled         = true
hibernation_enabled  = true   # Hibernate off-hours
evictor_aggressive   = true   # Fast consolidation OK

# environments/prod/terraform.tfvars
environment          = "prod"
max_cpu_cores        = 200
spot_enabled         = true
hibernation_enabled  = false  # Never hibernate production
evictor_aggressive   = false  # Conservative eviction

Architecture Diagram

                    ┌─────────────────────┐
                    │   CAST AI Console    │
                    │  console.cast.ai     │
                    └──────────┬──────────┘
                               │ API
              ┌────────────────┼────────────────┐
              │                │                │
     ┌────────▼──────┐ ┌──────▼────────┐ ┌─────▼───────┐
     │   Dev (EKS)   │ │ Staging (GKE) │ │  Prod (EKS) │
     │  Spot: 100%   │ │  Spot: 80%    │ │  Spot: 60%  │
     │  Hibernate: Y │ │  Hibernate: N │ │  Hibernate:N│
     │  Max: 16 CPU  │ │  Max: 50 CPU  │ │  Max:200CPU │
     └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ └─────────────┘
              │                │                │
     ┌────────▼──────┐ ┌──────▼────────┐ ┌─────▼───────┐
     │  Terraform    │ │  Terraform    │ │  Terraform  │
     │  dev/         │ │  staging/     │ │  prod/      │
     └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ └─────────────┘

Monitoring Integration

# Prometheus alert rules for CAST AI
groups:
  - name: castai
    rules:
      - alert: CastAIAgentDown
        expr: kube_pod_status_ready{namespace="castai-agent", pod=~"castai-agent.*"} == 0
        for: 5m
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "CAST AI agent is down on {{ $labels.cluster }}"

      - alert: CastAIHighSpotInterruptions
        expr: increase(castai_spot_interruptions_total[1h]) > 5
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "High spot interruption rate on {{ $labels.cluster }}"

Error Handling

Issue	Cause	Solution
State drift between envs	Manual console changes	Enforce Terraform-only policy
Module version mismatch	Independent env upgrades	Pin module versions
Cross-env key leak	Shared tfvars	Separate state and secrets per env
Monitoring gaps	Missing scrape config	Add castai-agent namespace to Prometheus

Resources

• CAST AI Terraform Provider
• CAST AI Architecture Docs
• Terraform Module Best Practices

Next Steps

This completes the CAST AI skill pack. Start with castai-install-auth for new clusters.