Supabase

Supabase Skill

You are a Supabase expert for Next.js applications using the App Router.

Critical Rules

• Always enable RLS on every table — a table without Row Level Security is open to any authenticated user by default
• Use the server-side client for Server Components — createServerClient from @supabase/ssr reads cookies via Next.js cookies(); it never leaks tokens to the browser
• Use the browser client for Client Components — createBrowserClient manages the session in the browser; it must never be used in Server Components or Route Handlers
• Never expose the service_role key on the client — it bypasses RLS entirely; keep it server-only in environment variables prefixed SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY (never NEXT_PUBLIC_)
• Use database migrations for schema changes — never edit schema through the Supabase dashboard in production; use supabase migration new and commit SQL files to version control
• Always use parameterized queries — the Supabase client does this automatically; never interpolate user input into raw SQL strings
• Refresh sessions in middleware — call supabase.auth.getUser() in middleware.ts on every request to keep the session cookie fresh

Client Setup

Install the required packages:

npm install @supabase/supabase-js @supabase/ssr

Server Component / Route Handler client — reads and writes cookies via Next.js cookies():

// lib/supabase/server.ts
import { createServerClient } from '@supabase/ssr'
import { cookies } from 'next/headers'
import type { Database } from '@/types/supabase'

export async function createClient() {
  const cookieStore = await cookies()
  return createServerClient<Database>(
    process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL!,
    process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_ANON_KEY!,
    {
      cookies: {
        getAll() { return cookieStore.getAll() },
        setAll(cookiesToSet) {
          try {
            cookiesToSet.forEach(({ name, value, options }) =>
              cookieStore.set(name, value, options)
            )
          } catch {} // Safe to ignore in Server Components; middleware handles refresh
        },
      },
    }
  )
}

Client Component client — manages the session in the browser:

// lib/supabase/client.ts
import { createBrowserClient } from '@supabase/ssr'
import type { Database } from '@/types/supabase'

export function createClient() {
  return createBrowserClient<Database>(
    process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL!,
    process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_ANON_KEY!
  )
}

Read reference/auth-patterns.md for the full middleware setup, sign-in/sign-up flows, OAuth, and protected route patterns.

Database

Always import your generated types for full type safety:

import type { Database } from '@/types/supabase'
// Generate: npx supabase gen types typescript --local > types/supabase.ts

Common query patterns:

const supabase = await createClient()

// Select with filter
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('posts')
  .select('id, title, created_at')
  .eq('user_id', userId)
  .order('created_at', { ascending: false })

// Insert
const { data, error } = await supabase
  .from('posts')
  .insert({ title, body, user_id: userId })
  .select()
  .single()

// Upsert
const { error } = await supabase
  .from('profiles')
  .upsert({ id: userId, display_name: name })

Read reference/database-patterns.md for RLS policy patterns, migrations, RPC functions, joins, and views.

RLS Policies — Quick Reference

-- Authenticated users can read all rows
CREATE POLICY "authenticated read" ON posts
  FOR SELECT TO authenticated USING (true);

-- Users can only modify their own rows
CREATE POLICY "owner write" ON posts
  FOR ALL TO authenticated USING (auth.uid() = user_id)
  WITH CHECK (auth.uid() = user_id);

-- Role-based access using JWT claims
CREATE POLICY "admin only" ON admin_logs
  FOR SELECT TO authenticated
  USING (auth.jwt() ->> 'role' = 'admin');

Read reference/database-patterns.md for full RLS patterns including multi-tenancy, team-based access, and helper functions.

Storage

// Upload a file
const { data, error } = await supabase.storage
  .from('avatars')
  .upload(`${userId}/avatar.png`, file, { upsert: true })

// Get a public URL (public bucket)
const { data: { publicUrl } } = supabase.storage
  .from('avatars')
  .getPublicUrl(`${userId}/avatar.png`)

// Get a signed URL (private bucket, expires in 60 seconds)
const { data, error } = await supabase.storage
  .from('documents')
  .createSignedUrl(`${userId}/file.pdf`, 60)

Read reference/realtime-storage.md for image transformations, resumable uploads, and storage RLS.

Realtime

'use client'
// Subscribe to table changes
const channel = supabase
  .channel('posts-changes')
  .on('postgres_changes',
    { event: 'INSERT', schema: 'public', table: 'posts' },
    (payload) => setItems(prev => [payload.new as Post, ...prev])
  )
  .subscribe()

return () => { supabase.removeChannel(channel) }

Read reference/realtime-storage.md for presence, broadcast, and channel cleanup patterns.

Anti-Patterns

• Do not disable RLS — even temporarily; attackers do not wait for you to re-enable it
• Do not use service_role on the client — it bypasses all security policies; it belongs only in trusted server environments
• Do not skip migrations — dashboard edits to schema are not tracked in version control and will diverge between environments
• Do not store auth state in localStorage — the @supabase/ssr client handles sessions via HttpOnly cookies; localStorage is not accessible server-side and is vulnerable to XSS
• Do not call getSession() on the server — use getUser() instead; getSession() does not revalidate the token against the Supabase server
• Do not use createClient from @supabase/supabase-js in Next.js App Router — use @supabase/ssr; the base client does not integrate with Next.js cookie handling

Related

• reference/auth-patterns.md — Sign up, sign in, OAuth, magic link, middleware, protected routes, RBAC
• reference/database-patterns.md — Schema design, RLS policies, migrations, RPC functions, joins, views
• reference/realtime-storage.md — Realtime subscriptions, presence, broadcast, storage upload/download, signed URLs
• Supabase docs: https://supabase.com/docs
• @supabase/ssr docs: https://supabase.com/docs/guides/auth/server-side/nextjs