N8n syntax node types

n8n-syntax-node-types

Quick Reference

INodeType Interface Members

Member	Signature	Required	Purpose
description	INodeTypeDescription	YES	Node metadata, properties, credentials
execute	(this: IExecuteFunctions) => Promise<INodeExecutionData[][]>	For regular nodes	Process input items
trigger	(this: ITriggerFunctions) => Promise<ITriggerResponse>	For event triggers	Emit data on events
poll	(this: IPollFunctions) => Promise<INodeExecutionData[][] | null>	For polling triggers	Periodically check for data
webhook	(this: IWebhookFunctions) => Promise<IWebhookResponseData>	For webhook nodes	Handle HTTP requests
supplyData	(this: ISupplyDataFunctions, itemIndex: number) => Promise<SupplyData>	For AI sub-nodes	Provide data to AI agents
methods	{ loadOptions, listSearch, credentialTest, resourceMapping, actionHandler }	No	Dynamic methods
webhookMethods	{ [name]: { checkExists, create, delete } }	No	External webhook lifecycle

INodeTypeDescription Key Fields

Field	Type	Required	Notes
displayName	string	YES	Human-readable name in UI
name	string	YES	Internal identifier (e.g., 'myNode')
icon	string | { light, dark }	No	'fa:icon-name' or 'file:icon.svg'
group	NodeGroupType[]	YES	'input', 'output', 'transform', 'trigger', 'schedule'
version	number | number[]	YES	Supported versions
description	string	YES	Short description
defaults	{ name: string }	YES	Default node name
inputs	NodeConnectionType[] | ExpressionString	YES	Input connections
outputs	NodeConnectionType[] | ExpressionString	YES	Output connections
credentials	INodeCredentialDescription[]	No	Required credential types
properties	INodeProperties[]	YES	Node parameters
polling	true	No	Marks node as polling trigger
webhooks	IWebhookDescription[]	No	Webhook registrations
requestDefaults	HttpRequestOptions	No	Declarative base URL/headers
usableAsTool	true	No	Enable as AI agent tool
subtitle	string	No	Dynamic expression for UI subtitle

All 22 Property Types (NodePropertyTypes)

Type	UI Element	Default Value Type
'boolean'	Toggle switch	boolean
'button'	Action button	string
'collection'	Group of optional fields	{}
'color'	Color picker	string
'dateTime'	Date/time picker	string
'fixedCollection'	Group with fixed structure	{}
'hidden'	Hidden value	string
'icon'	Icon selector	string
'json'	JSON editor	string
'callout'	Info/warning callout	string
'notice'	Notice/info text	string
'multiOptions'	Multi-select dropdown	string[]
'number'	Number input	number
'options'	Single-select dropdown	string
'string'	Text input	string
'credentialsSelect'	Credential selector	string
'resourceLocator'	Resource locator (ID/URL/list)	object
'curlImport'	cURL import	string
'resourceMapper'	Resource field mapper	object
'filter'	Filter/condition builder	object
'assignmentCollection'	Field assignment collection	object
'workflowSelector'	Workflow selector	string
'credentials'	Credentials property	string

IExecuteFunctions Key Methods

Method	Signature	Purpose
getInputData	(inputIndex?: number) => INodeExecutionData[]	Get input items
getNodeParameter	(name: string, itemIndex: number) => any	Read parameter value
getCredentials	(type: string) => Promise<ICredentialDataDecryptedObject>	Get decrypted credentials
continueOnFail	() => boolean	Check continue-on-fail setting
executeWorkflow	(workflowInfo, inputData?) => Promise<ExecuteWorkflowData>	Call sub-workflow
putExecutionToWait	(waitTill: Date) => Promise<void>	Pause execution until date
sendMessageToUI	(message: any) => void	Send message to editor UI
helpers.httpRequest	(options) => Promise<any>	Make HTTP requests
helpers.getBinaryDataBuffer	(itemIndex, propertyName) => Promise<Buffer>	Read binary data
helpers.prepareBinaryData	(buffer, fileName?, mimeType?) => Promise<IBinaryData>	Create binary data
helpers.normalizeItems	(items) => INodeExecutionData[]	Normalize item format

Critical Warnings

ALWAYS return INodeExecutionData[][] from execute() -- the outer array represents output indices (for multi-output nodes like IF/Switch), the inner array contains items. Single-output nodes return [returnData].

ALWAYS iterate over input items using this.getInputData() and call getNodeParameter(name, i) with the item index i -- parameters can contain expressions that resolve differently per item.

ALWAYS handle continueOnFail() in the catch block of your item loop -- when enabled, push an error item with pairedItem instead of throwing.

NEVER use &str or borrowed types in node parameters -- n8n uses IDataObject (plain objects) for all parameter values. Cast with as string, as number, etc.

NEVER create an execute() method in declarative nodes -- n8n handles HTTP requests automatically based on routing configuration in properties.

NEVER define inputs on trigger nodes -- trigger nodes ALWAYS have inputs: [] (empty array) because they start workflow execution.

NEVER use this binding in the Node base class -- the Node class passes context as a parameter. Use context.getInputData() instead of this.getInputData().

ALWAYS set noDataExpression: true on resource and operation selector properties -- these properties control node behavior and MUST NOT be expression-dependent.

---

Decision Trees

Which Node Pattern to Use?

Is this a trigger/starting node?
├── YES: Does it respond to HTTP requests?
│   ├── YES → Webhook pattern (webhook() + webhooks config)
│   └── NO: Does it poll an external service?
│       ├── YES → Poll pattern (poll() + polling: true)
│       └── NO → Trigger pattern (trigger() + emit())
└── NO: Is this a simple REST API wrapper?
    ├── YES → Declarative pattern (routing in properties, NO execute())
    └── NO → Programmatic pattern (execute() with custom logic)

Which Property Type to Use?

What data does the user provide?
├── True/false → 'boolean'
├── Free text → 'string' (add rows for textarea, editor for code)
├── A number → 'number' (set minValue/maxValue in typeOptions)
├── One choice from list → 'options'
├── Multiple choices from list → 'multiOptions'
├── A set of optional fields → 'collection'
├── A structured group of fields → 'fixedCollection'
├── Raw JSON → 'json'
├── Date/time → 'dateTime'
├── A color → 'color'
├── Filter conditions → 'filter'
├── Field mapping → 'resourceMapper'
├── Field assignments → 'assignmentCollection'
├── Resource ID/URL/name → 'resourceLocator'
├── Another workflow → 'workflowSelector'
└── Display-only info → 'notice' or 'callout'

---

Essential Patterns

Pattern 1: Programmatic Node (implements INodeType)

import type {
    IExecuteFunctions,
    INodeExecutionData,
    INodeType,
    INodeTypeDescription,
} from 'n8n-workflow';
import { NodeConnectionTypes } from 'n8n-workflow';

export class MyNode implements INodeType {
    description: INodeTypeDescription = {
        displayName: 'My Node',
        name: 'myNode',
        icon: 'file:myIcon.svg',
        group: ['transform'],
        version: 1,
        description: 'Processes data',
        defaults: { name: 'My Node' },
        inputs: [NodeConnectionTypes.Main],
        outputs: [NodeConnectionTypes.Main],
        properties: [/* see references/methods.md */],
    };

    async execute(this: IExecuteFunctions): Promise<INodeExecutionData[][]> {
        const items = this.getInputData();
        const returnData: INodeExecutionData[] = [];

        for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
            try {
                const value = this.getNodeParameter('myParam', i) as string;
                returnData.push({ json: { result: value } });
            } catch (error) {
                if (this.continueOnFail()) {
                    returnData.push({
                        json: { error: (error as Error).message },
                        pairedItem: { item: i },
                    });
                    continue;
                }
                throw error;
            }
        }

        return [returnData]; // Single output
    }
}

Pattern 2: Node Base Class (context parameter)

import { Node } from 'n8n-workflow';
import type {
    IExecuteFunctions,
    INodeExecutionData,
    INodeTypeDescription,
} from 'n8n-workflow';

export class MyNode extends Node {
    description: INodeTypeDescription = { /* same as above */ };

    async execute(
        context: IExecuteFunctions  // context parameter, NOT this
    ): Promise<INodeExecutionData[][]> {
        const items = context.getInputData();  // Use context, not this
        const returnData: INodeExecutionData[] = [];

        for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
            const value = context.getNodeParameter('myParam', i) as string;
            returnData.push({ json: { result: value } });
        }

        return [returnData];
    }
}

Pattern 3: Declarative Node (routing, NO execute)

export class ApiNode implements INodeType {
    description: INodeTypeDescription = {
        displayName: 'API Node',
        name: 'apiNode',
        group: ['input'],
        version: 1,
        description: 'Interacts with an API',
        defaults: { name: 'API Node' },
        inputs: [NodeConnectionTypes.Main],
        outputs: [NodeConnectionTypes.Main],
        credentials: [{ name: 'myApi', required: true }],
        requestDefaults: {
            baseURL: 'https://api.example.com',
            headers: { Accept: 'application/json' },
        },
        properties: [
            {
                displayName: 'Operation',
                name: 'operation',
                type: 'options',
                noDataExpression: true,
                options: [
                    {
                        name: 'Get Many',
                        value: 'getAll',
                        action: 'Get many items',
                        routing: {
                            request: { method: 'GET', url: '/items' },
                        },
                    },
                ],
                default: 'getAll',
            },
        ],
    };
    // NO execute() method -- n8n handles requests via routing
}

Pattern 4: displayOptions (Conditional Properties)

// Show 'limit' only when operation is 'getAll' AND returnAll is false
{
    displayName: 'Limit',
    name: 'limit',
    type: 'number',
    default: 50,
    typeOptions: { minValue: 1 },
    displayOptions: {
        show: {
            operation: ['getAll'],
            returnAll: [false],
        },
    },
}

// Rich conditions with operators
{
    displayName: 'Advanced Field',
    name: 'advancedField',
    type: 'string',
    default: '',
    displayOptions: {
        show: {
            '@version': [{ _cnd: { gte: 2 } }],      // Version 2+
            status: [{ _cnd: { not: 'archived' } }],  // Not archived
        },
    },
}

Pattern 5: Versioned Node

import type { IVersionedNodeType, INodeType } from 'n8n-workflow';

export class MyNodeVersioned implements IVersionedNodeType {
    currentVersion = 2;
    description = { /* INodeTypeBaseDescription */ };
    nodeVersions: { [key: number]: INodeType } = {
        1: new MyNodeV1(),
        2: new MyNodeV2(),
    };

    getNodeType(version?: number): INodeType {
        return this.nodeVersions[version ?? this.currentVersion];
    }
}

Pattern 6: methods Object (Dynamic Loading)

methods = {
    loadOptions: {
        async getUsers(this: ILoadOptionsFunctions): Promise<INodePropertyOptions[]> {
            const credentials = await this.getCredentials('myApi');
            const users = await this.helpers.httpRequest({ /* ... */ });
            return users.map((u: any) => ({ name: u.name, value: u.id }));
        },
    },
    listSearch: {
        async searchUsers(
            this: ILoadOptionsFunctions,
            filter?: string,
            paginationToken?: string,
        ): Promise<INodeListSearchResult> {
            // Return { results: [...], paginationToken?: string }
        },
    },
    credentialTest: {
        async testMyApi(this: ICredentialTestFunctions): Promise<INodeCredentialTestResult> {
            // Return { status: 'OK', message: 'Success' }
            // or { status: 'Error', message: 'Invalid credentials' }
        },
    },
    resourceMapping: {
        async getFields(this: ILoadOptionsFunctions): Promise<ResourceMapperFields> {
            // Return field definitions for resource mapper
        },
    },
};

---

INodeExecutionData Structure

interface INodeExecutionData {
    json: IDataObject;                     // REQUIRED -- the main data payload
    binary?: IBinaryKeyData;               // Optional binary/file data
    error?: NodeApiError;                  // Error info if item errored
    pairedItem?: IPairedItemData | number; // Source item linking
}

// Binary data keyed by property name
interface IBinaryKeyData {
    [key: string]: IBinaryData;  // e.g., { data: {...}, attachment: {...} }
}

ALWAYS include a json property on every output item -- it is the only required field. Binary data is ALWAYS secondary.

---

execute() Return Type

The return type INodeExecutionData[][] is a 2D array:

• Outer array: One entry per output connector (index 0 = first output, index 1 = second output)
• Inner array: Items for that output

// Single output (most nodes):
return [returnData];

// Two outputs (like IF node):
return [trueItems, falseItems];

// Three outputs:
return [output1Items, output2Items, output3Items];

// Empty output (no items):
return [[]];

---

Reference Links

• references/methods.md -- INodeType, INodeTypeDescription, INodeProperties (all 22 types), IDisplayOptions, IExecuteFunctions
• references/examples.md -- Complete node implementation, property definitions, displayOptions, declarative node
• references/anti-patterns.md -- Node type mistakes, property configuration errors

Official Sources

• https://docs.n8n.io/integrations/creating-nodes/
• https://docs.n8n.io/integrations/creating-nodes/build/reference/node-type-description/
• https://docs.n8n.io/integrations/creating-nodes/build/reference/node-base-files/
• https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n (packages/workflow/src/interfaces.ts)