Frappe core utils

Frappe Utility Functions

Quick Reference: Python

Need	Function	Returns
Current date	nowdate() / today()	datetime.date
Current datetime	now_datetime()	datetime.datetime
Parse date string	getdate(str)	datetime.date
Parse datetime string	get_datetime(str)	datetime.datetime
Add days	add_days(date, n)	datetime.date
Add months	add_months(date, n)	datetime.date
Date difference	date_diff(end, start)	int (days)
Format for user	format_date(dt)	str (user locale)
Relative time	pretty_date(dt)	str ("2 hours ago")
Safe float	flt(val, precision)	float
Safe int	cint(val)	int
Safe string	cstr(val)	str
Safe bool	sbool(val)	bool
Safe division	safe_div(a, b)	float [v15+]
Money format	fmt_money(amt, currency)	str
Money in words	money_in_words(amt, cur)	str
Strip HTML	strip_html(text)	str
List to prose	comma_and(items)	str ("a, b, and c")
Validate email	validate_email_address(e)	str or ""
Validate URL	validate_url(url)	bool
Parse JSON	parse_json(s)	Any
Files path	get_files_path(is_private)	str
Site path	get_site_path(*parts)	str
Unique list	unique(seq)	list
Hash	generate_hash(s, length)	str

ALL imports: from frappe.utils import nowdate, flt, ... in controllers/whitelisted methods. In Server Scripts: Use frappe.utils.nowdate() directly — NO import statements allowed.

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Decision Tree: "Which function do I use?"

Need a date/time value?
├─ Current date → nowdate() or today()
├─ Current datetime → now_datetime()
├─ Parse a string → getdate() or get_datetime()
├─ Add/subtract time → add_days(), add_months(), add_to_date()
├─ Difference → date_diff() (days), month_diff(), time_diff_in_seconds()
├─ Period boundary → get_first_day(), get_last_day(), get_quarter_start()
└─ Display to user → format_date(), format_datetime(), pretty_date()

Need a number?
├─ Convert safely → flt(), cint(), cstr(), sbool()
├─ Round → rounded() (banker's rounding)
├─ Safe divide → safe_div(a, b, default=0) [v15+]
├─ Format money → fmt_money(amount, currency)
└─ Money to words → money_in_words(amount, currency)

Need string processing?
├─ HTML → strip_html(), escape_html(), is_html()
├─ Join list → comma_and(), comma_or(), comma_sep()
├─ Markdown ↔ HTML → to_markdown(), md_to_html()
└─ Mask sensitive → mask_string(input, show_first=4) [v16+]

Need validation?
├─ Email → validate_email_address(email, throw=False)
├─ URL → validate_url(url, valid_schemes=["https"])
├─ Phone → validate_phone_number(phone, throw=False)
├─ JSON → validate_json_string(s)
└─ IBAN → validate_iban(iban) [v16+]

Need file/path?
├─ Public files → get_files_path()
├─ Private files → get_files_path(is_private=True)
├─ Site directory → get_site_path("private", "backups")
├─ Bench root → get_bench_path()
└─ File size → get_file_size(path, format=True)

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Critical Anti-Patterns

NEVER use Python stdlib when frappe.utils exists

NEVER (stdlib)	ALWAYS (frappe.utils)	Why
datetime.datetime.now()	now_datetime()	Ignores system timezone
datetime.date.today()	nowdate()	Ignores system timezone
float(val)	flt(val, precision)	Crashes on None/empty
int(val)	cint(val)	Crashes on None/empty
round(val, 2)	rounded(val, 2)	Inconsistent rounding
val1 / val2	safe_div(val1, val2)	ZeroDivisionError [v15+]
json.loads(s)	parse_json(s)	Crashes on None/empty
json.dumps(obj)	frappe.as_json(obj)	Inconsistent serialization
"{:,.2f}".format(a)	fmt_money(a, currency)	Ignores locale/currency
os.path.join(...)	get_site_path(...)	Breaks multi-tenancy
", ".join(items)	comma_and(items)	No localized "and"
dt.strftime(fmt)	format_date(dt)	Ignores user preference
re.sub(r'<.*?>', '', h)	strip_html(h)	Misses edge cases

Server Script Sandbox

# ❌ NEVER in Server Scripts
from frappe.utils import nowdate, flt
import json

# ✅ ALWAYS in Server Scripts (no imports allowed)
today = frappe.utils.nowdate()
amount = frappe.utils.flt(doc.amount, 2)
data = frappe.parse_json(doc.json_field)

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JavaScript Quick Reference

Need	Function
Escape HTML	frappe.utils.escape_html(txt)
HTML to text	frappe.utils.html2text(html)
Check if HTML	frappe.utils.is_html(txt)
Parse JSON	frappe.utils.parse_json(str)
Validate URL	frappe.utils.is_url(txt)
Title case	frappe.utils.to_title_case(str)
Join with "and"	frappe.utils.comma_and(list)
Unique array	frappe.utils.unique(list)
Copy clipboard	frappe.utils.copy_to_clipboard(txt)
Scroll to element	frappe.utils.scroll_to(el)
Is mobile	frappe.utils.is_mobile()
Throttle	frappe.utils.throttle(fn, delay)
Debounce	frappe.utils.debounce(fn, delay)
Format value	frappe.format(value, df, options, doc)
Duration display	frappe.utils.get_formatted_duration(secs)

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Version Differences

Function	v14	v15	v16
safe_div()	--	Added	Yes
duration_to_seconds()	--	Added	Yes
guess_date_format()	--	Added	Yes
validate_duration_format()	--	Added	Yes
mask_string()	--	--	Added
validate_iban()	--	--	Added
validate_name()	--	--	Added
safe_json_loads()	--	--	Added
groupby_metric()	--	--	Added
Core functions	Yes	Yes	Yes

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Reference Files

• Date/Time Functions — Complete date/time API with signatures
• Number & Money Functions — flt, fmt_money, rounding
• String & Validation Functions — HTML, join, validate
• JavaScript Utilities — Client-side frappe.utils.*
• Anti-patterns — stdlib vs frappe.utils comparison