Tutorial

 

Tutorial Skill

  Generate a self-contained learning repository for a software-development topic. The repo pairs theory (structured markdown with Mermaid visuals) with practice (a scaffolded app with milestone-based TODOs that the learner builds commit-by-commit).

 

When This Skill Triggers

  The user wants to learn a topic and you need to generate the learning materials. After the repo is generated, the user switches to the guide skill to work through the practice steps.

 

Step 1: Clarify Scope

  Before generating anything, understand what the learner needs:

 

1. Topic — What do they want to learn? (e.g., "GraphQL", "Kubernetes", "React Testing Library")
2. Level — Beginner, intermediate, or advanced? If unclear, ask.
3. Prior context — Check for a .guide/learner-profile.md in the current directory. If it exists, this is a follow-up tutorial. Read the weak points from the previous tutorial and factor them into the theory and practice design.
4. Practice project — What kind of app should the hands-on project be? Pick the most natural fit for the topic (e.g., a REST API for "Express.js", a CLI tool for "Go", a component library for "Storybook"). If there are multiple reasonable choices or you're unsure, ask the user.

  If the user provides a clear topic like "tutorial on Docker", skip unnecessary questions — infer level as beginner and pick a sensible project. Only ask when genuinely ambiguous.

 

Step 2: Generate the Repo

  Create a git-initialized repo with this structure:

 

learn-<topic>/
├── README.md
├── theory/
│   ├── 01-core-concepts.md
│   ├── 02-controversies.md
│   └── 03-expert-quiz.md
├── practice/
│   └── <project-name>/
│       ├── README.md
│       └── <minimal scaffold>
└── .guide/
    └── learner-profile.md

 

Root README.md

  A brief overview that orients the learner:

 

# Learn <Topic>

 
A structured learning repo: theory to read, code to write.

 

## How to Use

 

1. **Read the theory** — Start with `theory/01-core-concepts.md` to build mental models
2. **Work the practice** — Open `practice/<project>/README.md` and follow the milestones
3. **Use the guide** — Run the `guide` command when you start a milestone to get coaching

 

## Structure

 

- `theory/` — Core concepts, controversies, and an expert-level quiz
- `practice/` — A hands-on project with step-by-step milestones
- `.guide/` — Your learner profile (auto-updated as you practice)

 

## Theory Sections

 
| File                  | Purpose                                                  |
| --------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| `01-core-concepts.md` | Mental models, key abstractions, how things fit together |
| `02-controversies.md` | The confusing, debated, and criticized parts             |
| `03-expert-quiz.md`   | 10 questions that separate experts from practitioners    |

 

theory/01-core-concepts.md

  The foundational mental models for the topic. Structure:

 

# Core Concepts: <Topic>

 

## Overview

 
<2-3 sentence summary of what this technology/concept is and why it exists>

 

## Concept Map

 

<!-- A Mermaid diagram showing how the core concepts relate to each other -->

 

```mermaid
graph TD
    A[Concept A] --> B[Concept B]
    A --> C[Concept C]
    B --> D[Concept D]
    C --> D
```

 

<Concept 1>

  <Explanation with bullet points. Include a Mermaid diagram if the concept involves a flow, lifecycle, or architecture.>

 

<Concept 2>

  ...

 

 
**Quality bar for concepts:**
- Explain the **why** before the **what** — why does this concept exist? What problem does it solve?
- Use Mermaid diagrams liberally: flowcharts for processes, sequence diagrams for interactions, class diagrams for structures, state diagrams for lifecycles
- Each concept should be self-contained: someone could read just one section and learn something useful
- Cover 5-8 core concepts (not an exhaustive reference — focus on the concepts that unlock understanding)
- If the topic has a mental model or analogy that practitioners use, include it
 
### theory/02-controversies.md
 
The parts that trip people up, spark debates, or are widely criticized. This is where real understanding happens — the nuance that separates someone who read the docs from someone who has used the technology in production.
 
```markdown
# Controversies & Confusions: <Topic>
 
## Common Confusions
 
### <Confusion 1: e.g., "When to use X vs Y">
 
<Explain why this is confusing, what the actual distinction is, and a practical heuristic for deciding>
 
```mermaid
graph TD
    Q{Need to decide?} -->|Condition A| X[Use X]
    Q -->|Condition B| Y[Use Y]

 

Criticisms & Debates

 

<Criticism 1: e.g., "Too much boilerplate">

  The criticism: <What people say> The counterargument: <The defense> The reality: <Your honest assessment — not a fence-sit, take a position>

 

Gotchas

 

<Gotcha 1>

  <Something that bites people in production but isn't obvious from tutorials>

 

 
**Quality bar:**
- Include at least 3 confusions, 2 criticisms, and 2 gotchas
- Take positions — don't be wishy-washy. "Both sides have a point" is not helpful. Say what you'd actually recommend and why.
- These should be things that come up in real engineering discussions, not strawman complaints
 
### theory/03-expert-quiz.md
 
10 questions that distinguish genuine expertise from surface familiarity. These are not trivia — they test understanding of trade-offs, edge cases, and design decisions.
 
```markdown
# Expert Quiz: <Topic>
 
Test your understanding. These questions are designed to distinguish deep expertise from surface knowledge.
 
For each question, think through your answer before revealing the solution.
 
---
 
### Q1: <Question>
 
<details>
<summary>Reveal Answer</summary>
 
<Thorough answer — not just the "what" but the "why" and "when it matters">
 
</details>
 
---
 
### Q2: <Question>
 
<details>
<summary>Reveal Answer</summary>
 
<Answer>
 
</details>
 
...

  Quality bar for questions:

 

• Questions should require understanding of trade-offs, not just facts
• At least 3 should involve "it depends" answers where the expert explains what it depends on
• Include questions about failure modes, performance implications, and design decisions
• A senior engineer who has used this technology for 2+ years should get 7-8 right; a beginner should get 2-3

 

practice/<project-name>/README.md

  The hands-on project guide, structured as milestones with ordered steps.

 

# <Project Name>

 
<1-2 sentence description of what you're building and what you'll learn>

 

## Prerequisites

 

- <What needs to be installed>
- <What the learner should already know>

##  

 

## Milestone 1: <Name> — <What this achieves>

 

> **Goal:** <One sentence describing the outcome>
>
> **Concepts practiced:** <Links to theory sections>

 

- [ ] **Step 1.1:** <Specific, actionable instruction>
        - <Brief explanation of why this step matters>
- [ ] **Step 1.2:** <Next step>
        - <Explanation>
- [ ] **Step 1.3:** <Verification step — how to confirm it works>

##  

 

## Milestone 2: <Name>

 
...

  Quality bar for milestones:

 

• 4-7 milestones total — enough to build something real, not so many it feels endless
• Each milestone produces a visible, testable result (the learner can run something and see it work)
• Steps within a milestone are ordered and each one is a single, committable change
• Include verification steps: "Run X and you should see Y"
• The first milestone should produce a working (if minimal) result within 15-30 minutes
• Milestones should build on each other — later ones wouldn't make sense without earlier ones
• Cross-reference theory: each milestone should note which concepts from theory/ it exercises

 

practice/<project-name>/ scaffold

  Generate the minimal project scaffold needed to start Milestone 1. This means:

 

• Package/dependency files (package.json, go.mod, Cargo.toml, requirements.txt, etc.)
• Entry point file (main.go, index.ts, app.py, etc.) — empty or with minimal boilerplate
• Config files (.gitignore, tsconfig.json, etc.)
• Do NOT pre-build the solution. The scaffold should be the starting point, not the answer.

  Pick the language/framework that is most natural for the topic. If the tutorial IS about a specific framework (e.g., "tutorial on Express.js"), use that framework. If the tutorial is about a concept (e.g., "tutorial on event sourcing"), pick the language that best demonstrates it and is most practical for the learner.

 

.guide/learner-profile.md

  Initialize an empty learner profile:

 

# Learner Profile

 

## Tutorial

 

- **Topic:** <topic>
- **Level:** <level>
- **Started:** <date>

 

## Weak Points

 

<!-- Updated automatically by the guide skill as you practice -->

 

## Session Log

 

<!-- Updated automatically by the guide skill -->

 

Step 3: Initialize Git and Present

  After generating all files:

 

1. Run git init in the repo root
2. Create an initial commit with all generated files
3. Present the repo structure to the user
4. Tell them to start with theory/01-core-concepts.md, then move to practice/<project>/README.md
5. Remind them to use the guide command when they start working on the practice milestones

 

Multiple Practice Projects

  A tutorial can have multiple practice projects under practice/. This is useful when:

 

• The topic has distinct sub-domains (e.g., a "Kubernetes" tutorial might have practice/deploy-app/ and practice/write-operator/)
• The user explicitly asks for more than one project
• A follow-up tutorial builds on a previous one

  When adding a practice project to an existing tutorial repo, create it under practice/ alongside existing projects. Do not modify existing projects.

 

Follow-up Tutorials

  When .guide/learner-profile.md exists and has weak points from a previous tutorial:

 

• Read the weak points carefully
• Design the theory sections to address those gaps specifically
• Structure the practice milestones so they exercise the weak areas early and repeatedly
• Note in the README that this is a follow-up tutorial and which weak points it targets

 

Guardrails

 

• Do NOT skip the theory section or treat it as an afterthought — it's half the learning experience
• Do NOT generate a fully-built practice project — the learner builds it
• Do NOT make milestones too granular (30+ steps) or too coarse (2 huge milestones)
• Do NOT use generic examples — tailor everything to the specific topic
• Mermaid diagrams are required in theory, not optional. Use them to show flows, relationships, lifecycles, and architectures
• Every controversy/confusion must take a clear position, not sit on the fence
• Quiz questions must test understanding, not recall

 

Bundled Resources

 

• references/topic-mapping.md — Quick reference for mapping topics to project types, tech stacks, and milestone sizing. Read this when deciding what kind of practice project to scaffold.