Shadcn ui patterns

shadcn/ui Patterns

Overview

shadcn/ui is a collection of beautifully designed, accessible, and customizable components built on top of Radix UI and Tailwind CSS. Unlike traditional component libraries, you own the code — components are copied into your project and fully customizable.

When to Use

• Building modern React/Next.js UIs with high design quality
• Needing accessible, ARIA-compliant components out of the box
• Wanting full control over component styling and behavior
• Implementing dark mode, theming, or design systems

Installation

# Initialize shadcn/ui in your project
npx shadcn@latest init

# Add individual components
npx shadcn@latest add button card dialog table form

Key Patterns

Theming with CSS Variables

/* globals.css */
@layer base {
  :root {
    --background: 0 0% 100%;
    --foreground: 222.2 84% 4.9%;
    --primary: 221.2 83.2% 53.3%;
    --primary-foreground: 210 40% 98%;
    --muted: 210 40% 96.1%;
    --muted-foreground: 215.4 16.3% 46.9%;
    --radius: 0.5rem;
  }

  .dark {
    --background: 222.2 84% 4.9%;
    --foreground: 210 40% 98%;
    --primary: 217.2 91.2% 59.8%;
    --primary-foreground: 222.2 47.4% 11.2%;
  }
}

Accessible Form Pattern

import { useForm } from "react-hook-form"
import { zodResolver } from "@hookform/resolvers/zod"
import { Form, FormControl, FormField, FormItem, FormLabel, FormMessage } from "@/components/ui/form"
import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"

const formSchema = z.object({
  email: z.string().email(),
  password: z.string().min(8),
})

export function LoginForm() {
  const form = useForm({ resolver: zodResolver(formSchema) })

  return (
    <Form {...form}>
      <form onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(onSubmit)}>
        <FormField control={form.control} name="email" render={({ field }) => (
          <FormItem>
            <FormLabel>Email</FormLabel>
            <FormControl><Input {...field} /></FormControl>
            <FormMessage />
          </FormItem>
        )} />
        <Button type="submit">Sign In</Button>
      </form>
    </Form>
  )
}

Data Table with Sorting & Filtering

import { DataTable } from "@/components/ui/data-table"
import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"

const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
  { accessorKey: "status", header: "Status" },
  { accessorKey: "amount", header: () => <div className="text-right">Amount</div>,
    cell: ({ row }) => {
      const amount = parseFloat(row.getValue("amount"))
      return <div className="text-right font-medium">${amount.toFixed(2)}</div>
    }
  },
]

Guidelines

1. Always use the CLI to add components — don't copy-paste from docs
2. Customize via CSS variables in globals.css, not by modifying component files directly
3. Use cn() utility for conditional class merging (built on clsx + tailwind-merge)
4. Compose from Radix primitives when building custom components
5. Follow the Form pattern with react-hook-form + zod for all forms
6. Dark mode first — always test both light and dark themes

Anti-Patterns

• ❌ Overriding Radix styles with !important
• ❌ Removing accessibility attributes from components
• ❌ Using inline styles instead of CSS variables for theming
• ❌ Creating forms without zod validation
• ❌ Ignoring keyboard navigation in custom components