Sap fiori testing

SAP Fiori Testing, Accessibility & Modern UI

Related Skills

• sap-testing-quality — Cross-cutting SAP testing strategy
• sap-devops-cicd — UI test automation in pipelines
• sap-build-apps — Alternative low-code UI approach

Quick Start

Choose your test framework:

Framework	Level	Speed	Best For
QUnit	Unit	Fast	Controller logic, formatters
OPA5	Integration	Medium	UI interaction flows, navigation
wdi5	E2E	Slow	Full app testing, cross-app
UIVeri5	Visual/E2E	Slow	Visual regression, screenshots

Quick wdi5 setup:

npm init wdi5@latest
# Follow prompts: select UI5 app, choose test runner
# Generates: wdio.conf.js + test structure

Core Concepts

UI5 Test Pyramid

         /\
        /  \     E2E (wdi5/UIVeri5)
       /    \    - Full app in browser
      /------\   - Real backend or mock server
     /        \
    / OPA5     \ Integration
   /   Tests    \ - UI interaction + navigation
  /--------------\ - Mock server for data
 /                \
/ QUnit Unit Tests \ Unit
/                    \ - Pure logic, no DOM
/____________________\

wdi5 Architecture

Test Script ──► wdi5 Bridge ──► UI5 Control API
    │               │               │
 WebdriverIO    Injects JS      sap.ui.test.*
 (Selenium/     into browser    control selectors
  Playwright)

OPA5 Key Concepts

Concept	Role	Example
Page Object	Encapsulates page interactions	onTheMainPage.iClickCreate()
Journey	Test scenario (sequence of actions)	opaTest("Create order", ...)
Arrangement	Setup state	Given.iStartMyApp()
Action	User interaction	When.onTheList.iSelectItem("001")
Assertion	Verify outcome	Then.onTheDetail.iSeeTitle("Order 001")

Common Patterns

Pattern 1: wdi5 Test with UI5 Selectors

// test/e2e/specs/order.test.js
const { wdi5 } = require('wdio-ui5-service');

describe('Order Management', () => {
  before(async () => {
    await browser.url('#/Orders');
    await browser.asControl({
      selector: { controlType: 'sap.m.Page', viewName: 'orders.List' }
    });
  });

  it('should display order list', async () => {
    const table = await browser.asControl({
      selector: {
        controlType: 'sap.m.Table',
        viewName: 'orders.List',
        id: 'orderTable'
      }
    });
    const items = await table.getItems();
    expect(items.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
  });

  it('should create new order', async () => {
    // Click Create button
    const createBtn = await browser.asControl({
      selector: {
        controlType: 'sap.m.Button',
        viewName: 'orders.List',
        properties: { text: 'Create' }
      }
    });
    await createBtn.press();

    // Fill form
    const customerInput = await browser.asControl({
      selector: {
        controlType: 'sap.m.Input',
        viewName: 'orders.Create',
        id: 'customerInput'
      }
    });
    await customerInput.setValue('CUST001');

    const amountInput = await browser.asControl({
      selector: {
        controlType: 'sap.m.Input',
        viewName: 'orders.Create',
        id: 'amountInput'
      }
    });
    await amountInput.setValue('1500.00');

    // Save
    const saveBtn = await browser.asControl({
      selector: {
        controlType: 'sap.m.Button',
        viewName: 'orders.Create',
        properties: { type: 'Emphasized' }
      }
    });
    await saveBtn.press();

    // Verify success message
    const msgStrip = await browser.asControl({
      selector: {
        controlType: 'sap.m.MessageStrip',
        properties: { type: 'Success' }
      }
    });
    const text = await msgStrip.getText();
    expect(text).toContain('created successfully');
  });
});

// wdio.conf.js
exports.config = {
  specs: ['./test/e2e/specs/**/*.test.js'],
  maxInstances: 1,
  capabilities: [{
    browserName: 'chrome',
    'goog:chromeOptions': {
      args: ['--headless', '--no-sandbox', '--disable-gpu']
    }
  }],
  baseUrl: 'http://localhost:8080',
  services: ['ui5'],
  ui5: {
    path: { webapp: 'webapp' },
    url: 'http://localhost:8080/index.html'
  },
  framework: 'mocha',
  mochaOpts: { timeout: 60000 }
};

Pattern 2: OPA5 Integration Test

// test/integration/pages/OrderList.js
sap.ui.define([
  'sap/ui/test/Opa5',
  'sap/ui/test/actions/Press',
  'sap/ui/test/actions/EnterText',
  'sap/ui/test/matchers/Properties',
  'sap/ui/test/matchers/AggregationLengthEquals'
], function (Opa5, Press, EnterText, Properties, AggregationLengthEquals) {
  'use strict';

  Opa5.createPageObjects({
    onTheOrderListPage: {
      actions: {
        iSearchFor: function (sQuery) {
          return this.waitFor({
            id: 'searchField',
            viewName: 'orders.List',
            actions: new EnterText({ text: sQuery }),
            errorMessage: 'Search field not found'
          });
        },
        iPressCreateButton: function () {
          return this.waitFor({
            controlType: 'sap.m.Button',
            viewName: 'orders.List',
            matchers: new Properties({ text: 'Create' }),
            actions: new Press(),
            errorMessage: 'Create button not found'
          });
        },
        iSelectFirstItem: function () {
          return this.waitFor({
            controlType: 'sap.m.ColumnListItem',
            viewName: 'orders.List',
            actions: new Press(),
            errorMessage: 'No list items found'
          });
        }
      },
      assertions: {
        iShouldSeeTheTable: function () {
          return this.waitFor({
            id: 'orderTable',
            viewName: 'orders.List',
            success: function () { Opa5.assert.ok(true, 'Table is visible'); },
            errorMessage: 'Table not found'
          });
        },
        theTableShouldHaveEntries: function (iCount) {
          return this.waitFor({
            id: 'orderTable',
            viewName: 'orders.List',
            matchers: new AggregationLengthEquals({
              name: 'items', length: iCount
            }),
            success: function () {
              Opa5.assert.ok(true, 'Table has ' + iCount + ' entries');
            },
            errorMessage: 'Table does not have ' + iCount + ' entries'
          });
        }
      }
    }
  });
});

// test/integration/OrderJourney.js
sap.ui.define([
  'sap/ui/test/opaQunit',
  './pages/OrderList'
], function (opaTest) {
  'use strict';

  QUnit.module('Order Management');

  opaTest('Should see order list on start', function (Given, When, Then) {
    Given.iStartMyApp();
    Then.onTheOrderListPage.iShouldSeeTheTable();
  });

  opaTest('Should filter orders by search', function (Given, When, Then) {
    When.onTheOrderListPage.iSearchFor('CUST001');
    Then.onTheOrderListPage.theTableShouldHaveEntries(3);
  });

  opaTest('Should navigate to create page', function (Given, When, Then) {
    When.onTheOrderListPage.iPressCreateButton();
    Then.onTheCreatePage.iShouldSeeTheForm();
    Then.iTeardownMyApp();
  });
});

Pattern 3: Fiori Elements OPA5 Test

// test/integration/FEListReportJourney.js
sap.ui.define([
  'sap/ui/test/opaQunit',
  'sap/fe/test/ListReport',
  'sap/fe/test/ObjectPage'
], function (opaTest, ListReport, ObjectPage) {
  'use strict';

  var oListReport = new ListReport({ entitySet: 'Orders' });
  var oObjectPage = new ObjectPage({ entitySet: 'Orders' });

  QUnit.module('Fiori Elements - List Report');

  opaTest('Table loads with data', function (Given, When, Then) {
    Given.iStartMyFLPApp('orders-manage');
    Then.onTheListReport.iSeeTheTable();
    Then.onTheListReport.iCheckRows(10);
  });

  opaTest('Filter by status', function (Given, When, Then) {
    When.onTheListReport.iOpenFilterBar();
    When.onTheListReport.iFilterByField('Status', 'Open');
    When.onTheListReport.iExecuteFilter();
    Then.onTheListReport.iCheckRows(5);
  });

  opaTest('Navigate to detail', function (Given, When, Then) {
    When.onTheListReport.iPressRow(0);
    Then.onTheObjectPage.iSeeThisPage();
    Then.onTheObjectPage.iSeeHeaderTitle('ORD-001');
    Then.iTeardownMyApp();
  });
});

Pattern 4: WCAG 2.1 Accessibility Checklist

// Accessibility patterns for Fiori apps

// 1. Labels for all inputs
// BAD:
new sap.m.Input({ placeholder: "Enter name" });
// GOOD:
new sap.m.Label({ text: "Customer Name", labelFor: "nameInput" });
new sap.m.Input({ id: "nameInput" });

// 2. ARIA for custom controls
new sap.m.GenericTile({
  header: "Revenue",
  ariaLabel: "Revenue tile showing 1.5 million euros",
  press: function() { /* navigate */ }
});

// 3. High contrast support — use semantic colors
// BAD: custom CSS colors
// GOOD: use UI5 semantic classes
// .sapMObjStatusActive (standard active state)
// sap.ui.core.IconColor.Positive / Negative / Critical

// 4. Keyboard navigation
// Ensure all interactive elements are reachable via Tab
// Use sap.m.Table not custom HTML for data grids
// Test with screen reader (JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver)

// 5. Color-independent information
// BAD: status shown only by color
// GOOD: status shown by color + icon + text
new sap.m.ObjectStatus({
  text: "Approved",
  state: "Success",
  icon: "sap-icon://accept"
});

Pattern 5: UI5 TypeScript Migration

// webapp/controller/OrderList.controller.ts
import Controller from "sap/ui/core/mvc/Controller";
import JSONModel from "sap/ui/model/json/JSONModel";
import Filter from "sap/ui/model/Filter";
import FilterOperator from "sap/ui/model/FilterOperator";
import MessageToast from "sap/m/MessageToast";
import Event from "sap/ui/base/Event";
import Table from "sap/m/Table";
import ListBinding from "sap/ui/model/ListBinding";

/**
 * @namespace orders.controller
 */
export default class OrderList extends Controller {
  public onInit(): void {
    const oViewModel = new JSONModel({
      busy: false,
      orderCount: 0
    });
    this.getView()?.setModel(oViewModel, "view");
  }

  public onSearch(oEvent: Event): void {
    const sQuery = (oEvent.getParameter("query") as string) || "";
    const aFilters: Filter[] = [];

    if (sQuery) {
      aFilters.push(new Filter("CustomerName", FilterOperator.Contains, sQuery));
    }

    const oTable = this.byId("orderTable") as Table;
    const oBinding = oTable.getBinding("items") as ListBinding;
    oBinding.filter(aFilters);
  }

  public onCreatePress(): void {
    this.getOwnerComponent()?.getRouter().navTo("create");
  }

  public async onRefresh(): Promise<void> {
    const oTable = this.byId("orderTable") as Table;
    const oBinding = oTable.getBinding("items") as ListBinding;

    try {
      await oBinding.requestRefresh();
      MessageToast.show("Data refreshed");
    } catch (error) {
      MessageToast.show("Refresh failed");
    }
  }
}

// tsconfig.json for UI5 TypeScript
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES2022",
    "module": "ES2022",
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "allowJs": true,
    "strict": true,
    "strictNullChecks": true,
    "baseUrl": ".",
    "paths": {
      "orders/*": ["webapp/*"]
    },
    "types": ["@openui5/types"]
  },
  "include": ["webapp/**/*.ts"]
}

Pattern 6: UI5 Web Components Integration

<!-- Using UI5 Web Components in standalone/React/Vue apps -->
<script type="module">
  import "@ui5/webcomponents/dist/Button.js";
  import "@ui5/webcomponents/dist/Table.js";
  import "@ui5/webcomponents/dist/Input.js";
  import "@ui5/webcomponents-fiori/dist/ShellBar.js";
  import "@ui5/webcomponents-fiori/dist/SideNavigation.js";
</script>

<ui5-shellbar primary-title="Order Management" show-notifications>
</ui5-shellbar>

<ui5-table>
  <ui5-table-column slot="columns">
    <ui5-label>Order ID</ui5-label>
  </ui5-table-column>
  <ui5-table-column slot="columns">
    <ui5-label>Customer</ui5-label>
  </ui5-table-column>
  <ui5-table-row>
    <ui5-table-cell><ui5-label>ORD-001</ui5-label></ui5-table-cell>
    <ui5-table-cell><ui5-label>Acme Corp</ui5-label></ui5-table-cell>
  </ui5-table-row>
</ui5-table>

// React + UI5 Web Components
import { ShellBar, Table, TableColumn, TableRow, TableCell } from '@ui5/webcomponents-react';

function OrderList({ orders }) {
  return (
    <>
      <ShellBar primaryTitle="Order Management" />
      <Table columns={
        <>
          <TableColumn><span>Order ID</span></TableColumn>
          <TableColumn><span>Customer</span></TableColumn>
          <TableColumn><span>Amount</span></TableColumn>
        </>
      }>
        {orders.map(order => (
          <TableRow key={order.id}>
            <TableCell><span>{order.id}</span></TableCell>
            <TableCell><span>{order.customer}</span></TableCell>
            <TableCell><span>{order.amount}</span></TableCell>
          </TableRow>
        ))}
      </Table>
    </>
  );
}

Error Catalog

Error	Context	Root Cause	Fix
wdi5: Control not found	wdi5 selector	Wrong controlType or viewName	Use UI5 Inspector to get correct selector
OPA5: Timeout	waitFor expired	Element not rendered in time	Increase timeout; check if element is conditional
OPA5: Ambiguous match	Multiple controls match	Selector too broad	Add id, viewName, or more specific matchers
TS2307: Cannot find module	TypeScript import	Missing @openui5/types or wrong path	Install types: npm i -D @openui5/types
wdi5: Session not created	Browser start failed	ChromeDriver version mismatch	Update chromedriver or use services: ['chromedriver']
FE test: Page not found	Fiori Elements OPA	Wrong entitySet or app ID	Check manifest.json routing config
a11y: Missing label	Accessibility audit	Input without associated label	Add sap.m.Label with labelFor
a11y: Low contrast	Color contrast check	Custom theme colors too similar	Use SAP theme parameters; test with High Contrast theme

Performance Tips

1. OPA5 over wdi5 for UI logic — OPA5 runs in-browser (no Selenium overhead); use wdi5 only for cross-app/E2E
2. Mock server for OPA5 — Use sap/ui/core/util/MockServer to eliminate backend dependency
3. Headless browser — Run wdi5/UIVeri5 headless in CI/CD (Chrome --headless)
4. Parallel OPA5 suites — Split OPA test files by module; run in parallel with Karma
5. Selective test runs — Use QUnit.module filtering to run only changed test suites
6. UI5 TypeScript — Compiler catches errors at build time; reduces runtime debugging

Gotchas

• wdi5 vs UIVeri5: wdi5 is community-maintained (active), UIVeri5 is SAP-maintained (slower updates)
• OPA5 auto-wait: OPA5 waits for UI5 rendering automatically; don't add manual setTimeout
• Fiori Elements tests: Use sap/fe/test/* page objects, not custom selectors for FE apps
• TypeScript types: @openui5/types (open-source) vs @sapui5/types (requires SAP license)
• Web Components ≠ UI5: @ui5/webcomponents is framework-agnostic; different API from sap.m.* controls
• Accessibility testing: Automated tools catch ~30% of issues; manual screen reader testing is essential

MCP Server Integration

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "ui5-mcp": {
      "command": "npx", "args": ["-y", "@ui5/mcp-server"]
    },
    "fiori-mcp": {
      "command": "npx", "args": ["-y", "@sap-ux/fiori-mcp-server"]
    }
  }
}

• UI5 MCP (official, 10+ tools): API reference, linting, TS migration guidelines, app scaffolding
• Fiori MCP (official): App generation, page management, annotation editing