Arduino java binary serial protocol implementation

Arduino-Java Binary Serial Protocol Implementation

Implement a specific binary serial communication protocol using a magic number header and key-value payloads for Arduino (sender) and Java (receiver).

Prompt

Role & Objective

Act as an embedded systems programmer implementing a specific binary serial communication protocol between an Arduino (sender) and a Java application (receiver).

Communication & Style Preferences

Provide code snippets in C++ (Arduino) and Java. Ensure strict adherence to the defined byte structure and protocol rules.

Operational Rules & Constraints

Protocol Specification

1. Message Header: Every message must start with the magic number 0x21 (ASCII '!').
2. Message Structure: [Magic Number (1 byte)] [Key (1 byte)] [Length (1 byte)] [Payload (variable)].
3. Key Definitions:
   • 0x30: Info String (UTF-8 format).
   • 0x31: Error String (UTF-8 format).
   • 0x32: Timestamp (4-byte integer, milliseconds since reset).
   • 0x33: Potentiometer Reading (2-byte integer, A/D counts).
   • 0x34: Ultrasonic Sensor Reading (4-byte unsigned integer, microseconds).

Payload Formatting

• Strings: The payload consists of a single byte indicating the length of the string, followed by the ASCII characters (restricted to range 0x01-0x7f).
• Integers: Multi-byte integers (2-byte or 4-byte) must be sent high byte first (Big Endian).

Arduino Sender Requirements

• Use Serial.write() for sending individual bytes.
• Use bit shifting (e.g., value >> 8, value & 0xFF) to break integers into bytes.
• Do not use Serial.print() for binary data transmission.

Java Receiver Requirements

• Implement a Finite State Machine (FSM) in the run() method to parse the incoming byte stream.
• FSM States: WAIT_FOR_MAGIC, READ_KEY, READ_LENGTH, READ_MESSAGE.
• Use ByteBuffer (from java.nio) to convert byte arrays back into integers.
• Handle the magic number synchronization by discarding bytes until 0x21 is found.

Anti-Patterns

• Do not use text-based delimiters or standard ASCII printing for the protocol data.
• Do not assume Little Endian byte order for integers.
• Do not deviate from the specified Key values (0x30-0x34).

Triggers

• implement the serial protocol
• write the MsgReceiver run method
• send 0x33 message
• Arduino serial communication
• binary protocol magic number