Ffmpeg detect

Ffmpeg Detect

Context: $ARGUMENTS

Detect-and-act filters in ffmpeg are read-only analysis passes. They write findings to stderr (and/or frame metadata under lavfi.*), never modify the file, and are designed to be parsed by a script that then issues a second ffmpeg call with real parameters.

Quick start

• Autocrop black bars: → Step 1 (cropdetect) → Step 3 (apply crop=W:H:X:Y)
• Trim silences: → Step 1 (silencedetect) → Step 3 (cut with -ss/-to pairs)
• Find black frames / scene cuts: → Step 1 (blackdetect / scdet) → Step 3 (split with concat demuxer)
• Check if interlaced: → Step 1 (idet) → Step 3 (decide on yadif/bwdif)
• Broadcast QC: → Step 1 (signalstats) → Step 3 (flag out-of-range YMIN/YMAX/SATMAX)
• Read embedded captions / timecode: → readeia608, readvitc
• Pre-loudnorm audio stats: → volumedetect, astats (use loudnorm from ffmpeg-audio-filter for true LUFS)

When to use

• You need to compute parameters (crop rect, cut list, LUT threshold) from a media file before doing a real encode.
• You're doing QC on broadcast or archival content and need per-frame statistics.
• You're auto-splitting a long capture on scene changes or silences.
• You're deciding whether to deinterlace before a delivery encode.

Use ffmpeg-quality for reference-vs-distorted measurement (VMAF/PSNR/SSIM). Use ffmpeg-probe for container/codec structure — detect filters are for content analysis.

Step 1 — Pick the detector

Goal	Filter	Typical command tail
Autocrop	cropdetect	-vf cropdetect=limit=24:round=2 -f null -
Silences in audio	silencedetect	-af silencedetect=noise=-30dB:d=0.5 -f null -
Black segments	blackdetect	-vf blackdetect=d=1:pix_th=0.1 -f null -
Freeze frames	freezedetect	-vf freezedetect=n=0.001:d=0.5 -f null -
Blur QC	blurdetect	-vf blurdetect -f null -
Blocking QC	blockdetect	-vf blockdetect -f null -
Scene cuts	scdet	-vf "scdet=s=1:t=10" -f null -
Interlace	idet	-vf idet -f null -
Broadcast QC	signalstats	-vf signalstats -f null -
CEA-608 captions	readeia608	-vf readeia608 -f null -
VITC timecode	readvitc	-vf readvitc -f null -
Volume (peak/mean dB)	volumedetect	-af volumedetect -f null -

All of these pair with -f null - (video) or route to -f null - (audio) so no file is written. The filter's output lives in stderr. Add -hide_banner to reduce noise. Seek first (-ss) and limit (-t) for fast sampling on long files.

Step 2 — Run and parse stderr / metadata

ffmpeg writes detector lines to stderr. Standard pattern:

ffmpeg -hide_banner -i IN -vf FILTER -f null - 2>&1 | grep PATTERN

Per-detector regexes (see references/detectors.md for full catalog):

• cropdetect → crop=\d+:\d+:\d+:\d+ (take last match — stabilizes over time).
• silencedetect → silence_start: ([\d.]+) and silence_end: ([\d.]+) \| silence_duration: ([\d.]+) — pair consecutive start/end lines.
• blackdetect → black_start:([\d.]+) black_end:([\d.]+) black_duration:([\d.]+) (all on one line).
• freezedetect → freeze_start: ([\d.]+), freeze_duration: ([\d.]+), freeze_end: ([\d.]+).
• scdet → lavfi.scd.score / lavfi.scd.time in metadata (with -f null - and scdet=s=1 prints to stderr).
• idet → three summary lines at end: Single frame detection, Multi frame detection, Repeated Fields. Use Multi frame for decision.
• signalstats → per-frame metadata keys lavfi.signalstats.{YAVG,YMIN,YMAX,UMIN,UMAX,VMIN,VMAX,SATMIN,SATMAX,HUEMED,HUEAVG,YDIF,UDIF,VDIF,SATDIF,TOUT,VREP}. Extract with -show_frames on a second ffprobe pass, or with metadata=mode=print.
• readeia608 → lavfi.readeia608.X.cc bytes — pipe to -f srt or parse manually for proper caption extraction.
• readvitc → lavfi.readvitc.tc_str=HH:MM:SS:FF per frame.
• volumedetect → mean_volume: X dB, max_volume: Y dB at end of run.

For metadata keys, the idiomatic pattern is:

ffmpeg -i IN -vf "signalstats,metadata=mode=print:file=-" -f null - 2>/dev/null

Step 3 — Turn parsed output into actionable parameters

Autocrop (two commands):

# Sample from 10s in, 120s long — skip opening credits / fades
ffmpeg -hide_banner -ss 10 -i in.mp4 -t 120 -vf cropdetect=limit=24:round=2 \
  -f null - 2>&1 | grep -o 'crop=[0-9:]*' | tail -1
# → crop=1920:816:0:132
ffmpeg -i in.mp4 -vf crop=1920:816:0:132 -c:a copy out.mp4

Silence trim: parse silencedetect lines, invert to "keep" segments, pass to concat demuxer or -ss/-to pairs. See scripts/detect.py silences for JSON output.

Scene-split chapters: feed scdet timestamps to ffmpeg-cut-concat skill to segment on cuts.

Interlace decision: if Multi frame detection shows TFF > 100 && progressive < 10 → -vf yadif=1:0 (TFF). If BFF > progressive → -vf yadif=1:1 (BFF). If progressive dominates → skip deinterlace.

Broadcast QC: flag any frame where YMIN < 16 or YMAX > 235 (limited-range violation), SATMAX > 118.2 (NTSC 75% bars), or TOUT > 0.005 (temporal outlier / dropout).

Available scripts

• scripts/detect.py — argparse dispatcher with subcommands crop, silences, blacks, freezes, scenes, interlace, stats, volume. All return JSON (or a ready-to-use crop string for crop). Stdlib only, non-interactive.

Workflow

# Autocrop
uv run ${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/scripts/detect.py crop --input in.mp4
# Silences → JSON
uv run ${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/scripts/detect.py silences --input in.mp3 --noise-db -30 --min-duration 0.5
# Scene cuts
uv run ${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/scripts/detect.py scenes --input in.mp4 --threshold 10
# Interlace decision
uv run ${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/scripts/detect.py interlace --input broadcast.ts

Reference docs

• Read references/detectors.md for per-filter option tables, example stderr, regex patterns, signalstats metadata keys, idet interpretation, and recipes (auto-chapter, silence-trim, broadcast QC pass).

Gotchas

• Detector output is stderr, not stdout. Pipe with 2>&1 before grep/awk. -progress gives machine-readable progress but NOT filter output.
• cropdetect needs 100–200 frames of content. Run with -ss 10 past fades/credits and -t 60–120 to keep it fast. It updates over time; take the last crop= line.
• cropdetect limit=24 = black threshold on 0–255 scale (8-bit). Raise to 32–40 for lighter grey letterbox bars. round=2 keeps even dims (required by most codecs); round=16 for strict macroblock alignment.
• silencedetect noise=-30dB:d=0.5 — duration in seconds. Below -60dB is near-digital silence; -30dB is room tone. Each silence emits TWO lines (silence_start, then silence_end with silence_duration) — pair them.
• blackdetect outputs black_start, black_end, black_duration all on one line. pix_th=0.1 = pixel blackness threshold (normalized 0–1).
• freezedetect n=0.001:d=0.5 — n is noise tolerance (normalized 0–1), d is minimum freeze duration in seconds.
• scdet t=THRESH — threshold on 0–100 score scale. Typical 10 (lots of cuts) to 30 (only hard cuts). Use s=1 to emit one line per detected cut with score + time.
• idet prints THREE summary blocks at end: single-frame detection, multi-frame detection, and repeated fields. Use multi-frame for the decision (it uses more temporal context). Run on at least ~1000 frames (~40s at 24fps) for confidence. One run is often noisy — re-run with a different segment if counts are ambiguous.
• signalstats per-frame metadata lives in lavfi.signalstats.*. Extract via ffprobe -show_frames OR the metadata=mode=print filter. Filter alone writes nothing to stderr by default.
• readeia608 only works on SD broadcast content with CEA-608 bytes on VBI lines 0–1 (or via captions sidecar). It does NOT read CEA-708, teletext, or burned-in subs. See the ffmpeg-captions skill for a full pipeline.
• All detect filters are READ-ONLY. -f null - sinks output. Nothing is written to disk unless you explicitly add -y output.ext without -f null.
• volumedetect gives peak + mean dBFS, NOT LUFS. For loudness compliance (EBU R128 / ITU-R BS.1770) use loudnorm=print_format=summary from the ffmpeg-audio-filter skill.
• Scene-cut list → split: feed scdet timestamps to the ffmpeg-cut-concat skill (concat demuxer or segment muxer). Do not try to encode concatenated output in a single ffmpeg call — use stream copy on pre-split clips.

Examples

Example 1: Autocrop letterboxed film

ffmpeg -hide_banner -ss 30 -i movie.mkv -t 180 \
  -vf cropdetect=limit=24:round=2 -f null - 2>&1 \
  | grep -o 'crop=[0-9:]*' | tail -1
# → crop=1920:800:0:140
ffmpeg -i movie.mkv -vf crop=1920:800:0:140 -c:v libx264 -crf 18 -c:a copy cropped.mkv

Example 2: Generate a silence-trim cut list

ffmpeg -hide_banner -i podcast.wav -af silencedetect=noise=-35dB:d=0.8 \
  -f null - 2>&1 | grep silence_
# silence_start: 12.3
# silence_end: 14.8 | silence_duration: 2.5
# silence_start: 120.4
# silence_end: 121.2 | silence_duration: 0.8

Invert to "keep" ranges 0–12.3, 14.8–120.4, 121.2–END, then use ffmpeg-cut-concat.

Example 3: Interlace detection on broadcast capture

ffmpeg -hide_banner -i capture.ts -vf idet -f null - 2>&1 | grep "frame detection"
# [Parsed_idet_0 @ ...] Multi frame detection: TFF:  982 BFF:   3 Progressive:  15 Undetermined: 0

Decision: TFF dominates → -vf yadif=1:0 in the delivery encode.

Example 4: Broadcast QC gate

ffmpeg -hide_banner -i master.mov \
  -vf "signalstats,metadata=mode=print:key=lavfi.signalstats.YMAX:file=ymax.log" \
  -f null -
awk -F= '$2+0 > 235 {print}' ymax.log   # any frame over legal range

Troubleshooting

Error: cropdetect returns no crop= line

Cause: input segment is all-black or too short (<100 frames). Solution: seek further in with -ss 30, extend duration with -t 120, lower limit (e.g. limit=16) for very dark content.

Error: silencedetect emits silence_start but no matching silence_end

Cause: file ends during a silence segment. Solution: treat the final silence_start as silence until duration end; ffprobe the duration and synthesize the end timestamp.

Error: idet counts look random / change between runs

Cause: too few frames sampled, or the clip has mixed progressive + interlaced sections. Solution: sample at least 1000 frames, run on multiple segments (-ss 0, -ss 60, -ss 300) and compare. Mixed content needs frame-by-frame idet metadata rather than summary.

Error: readeia608 returns empty / no metadata

Cause: content is HD (CEA-708, not 608), or captions are in a sidecar/subtitle track rather than in VBI. Solution: use the ffmpeg-captions skill for CEA-708 / SCC / MCC extraction. readeia608 only sees SD VBI line bytes.

Error: signalstats gives no output

Cause: the filter populates frame metadata, not stderr. Solution: add ,metadata=mode=print:file=- to the filter chain, or use ffprobe -show_frames -of json on a re-encoded null output.

Error: volumedetect output shows only n_samples, no mean_volume

Cause: ffmpeg didn't finish processing (piped output was broken, or input stream had zero audio frames). Solution: ensure -f null - is the sink and stderr is captured; verify input has audio with ffprobe -show_streams -select_streams a.