Vue3 component decomposition

Vue 3 Component Decomposition

Break large Vue 3 components into smaller, testable units without losing readability.

When to Use

• Component is handling multiple concerns (UI rendering, fetching, form logic, filtering, side effects)
• setup() or <script setup> grows hard to scan
• Template contains complex expressions or repeated blocks
• Changes in one feature frequently break unrelated behavior

Decomposition Workflow

1. Map responsibilities before moving code:
   • view (markup/presentational)
   • state (refs/reactive/computed)
   • effects (watch/watchEffect/lifecycle)
   • io (API calls)
2. Extract presentational subcomponents first.
3. Define explicit interfaces between parent and child (props, emits, slots).
4. Extract reusable stateful logic into composables.
5. Keep the parent as orchestrator of data flow and feature composition.

Component Best Practices

• Use one component per file and multi-word component names.
• Keep template expressions simple; move complex expressions to computed values.
• Use :key with v-for and do not combine v-if with v-for on the same element.
• Use typed, explicit prop contracts and typed emits.
• Prefer slots for variable UI regions over boolean prop explosion.
• Keep child components focused on one UI concern.

Composable Best Practices

• Name composables with use prefix (useOrdersTable, useUserFilters).
• Return a plain object of refs/computed/methods so destructuring preserves reactivity.
• Accept reactive inputs (value/ref/getter) and normalize with toValue().
• If logic depends on reactive inputs, call toValue() in watchEffect() (or watch refs/getters directly).
• Perform DOM side effects in onMounted() and always clean up in onUnmounted().
• Avoid hidden global mutable state unless intentionally building shared state.

Suggested Structure

src/
  components/
    feature/
      OrdersPage.vue               # orchestrator
      OrdersToolbar.vue            # presentational controls
      OrdersTable.vue              # table rendering
      OrdersTableRow.vue           # row rendering
  composables/
    useOrdersQuery.ts              # fetch/pagination/sort
    useOrdersFilters.ts            # filter state and derived query
    useOrdersSelection.ts          # row selection logic

Guardrails

• Do not extract tiny wrappers with no independent value.
• Do not create "god composables"; split by business capability.
• Do not pass entire parent state into children; pass only required props.
• Do not mix business logic into presentational components.

PR Checklist

• Parent component reads as feature orchestration, not implementation dump.
• Children have clear APIs and can be reasoned about in isolation.
• Composables have focused responsibilities and predictable return shapes.
• Side effects are cleaned up and SSR-safe.
• Template complexity is reduced and tests can target smaller units.

References

• Vue docs: Composables - https://vuejs.org/guide/reusability/composables.html
• Vue style guide (outdated but still useful):
  • https://vuejs.org/style-guide/rules-essential.html
  • https://vuejs.org/style-guide/rules-strongly-recommended.html