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Accessibility wcag

Skill ComeOnOliver/skillshub/skills/aiskillstore/marketplace/doyajin174/accessibility-wcag

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npx -y skills add ComeOnOliver/skillshub --skill accessibility-wcag

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Enforce WCAG 2.2 accessibility standards. Use when creating UI components, reviewing frontend code, or when accessibility issues are detected. Covers semantic HTML, ARIA, keyboard navigation, and color contrast.

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SKILL.md

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Accessibility (WCAG 2.2)

์›น ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ํ‘œ์ค€ WCAG 2.2๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์Šคํ‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2025 Context

WCAG 2.2๋Š” 2023๋…„ 10์›” ISO ํ‘œ์ค€(ISO/IEC 40500)์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ๋ฒ•(EAA)์€ 2025๋…„ 6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Core Principles (POUR)

์›์น™์„ค๋ช…์˜ˆ์‹œ
Perceivable์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋Œ€์ฒด ํ…์ŠคํŠธ, ์ž๋ง‰, ์ƒ‰์ƒ ๋Œ€๋น„
Operable์กฐ์ž‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ ์ ‘๊ทผ, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„
Understandable์ดํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด, ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋™์ž‘
Robust๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•จ๋ณด์กฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ

Rules

1. Semantic HTML (ํ•„์ˆ˜)

// โŒ BAD: div ๋‚จ์šฉ
<div onClick={handleClick}>๋ฒ„ํŠผ</div>
<div class="header">์ œ๋ชฉ</div>

// โœ… GOOD: ์‹œ๋งจํ‹ฑ ํƒœ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
<button onClick={handleClick}>๋ฒ„ํŠผ</button>
<h1>์ œ๋ชฉ</h1>

2. ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๋Œ€์ฒด ํ…์ŠคํŠธ (ํ•„์ˆ˜)

// โŒ BAD: alt ๋ˆ„๋ฝ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ ์—†์Œ
<img src="logo.png" />
<img src="chart.png" alt="์ด๋ฏธ์ง€" />

// โœ… GOOD: ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” alt
<img src="logo.png" alt="ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ช… ๋กœ๊ณ " />
<img src="chart.png" alt="2024๋…„ ๋งค์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„" />

// โœ… ์žฅ์‹์šฉ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ๋นˆ alt
<img src="decoration.png" alt="" role="presentation" />

3. ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ (ํ•„์ˆ˜)

// โŒ BAD: ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€
<div onClick={handleClick} style={{ cursor: 'pointer' }}>
  ํด๋ฆญ
</div>

// โœ… GOOD: ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
<button onClick={handleClick}>ํด๋ฆญ</button>

// ๋˜๋Š” ์ปค์Šคํ…€ ์š”์†Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ
<div
  role="button"
  tabIndex={0}
  onClick={handleClick}
  onKeyDown={(e) => e.key === 'Enter' && handleClick()}
>
  ํด๋ฆญ
</div>

4. ํฌ์ปค์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ

// โŒ BAD: ํฌ์ปค์Šค ์Šคํƒ€์ผ ์ œ๊ฑฐ
button:focus {
  outline: none;
}

// โœ… GOOD: ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ํฌ์ปค์Šค ํ‘œ์‹œ
button:focus {
  outline: 2px solid #005fcc;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

button:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid #005fcc;
}

5. ์ƒ‰์ƒ ๋Œ€๋น„ (WCAG AA ๊ธฐ์ค€)

ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ตœ์†Œ ๋Œ€๋น„์œจ
์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ4.5:1
ํฐ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ (18pt+, 14pt bold+)3:1
UI ์ปดํฌ๋„ŒํŠธ/๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ3:1
/* โŒ BAD: ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋Œ€๋น„ */
.text {
  color: #999;  /* ํšŒ์ƒ‰ on ํฐ์ƒ‰ = 2.85:1 */
  background: #fff;
}

/* โœ… GOOD: ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋น„ */
.text {
  color: #595959;  /* 4.54:1 */
  background: #fff;
}

6. ํผ ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ” (ํ•„์ˆ˜)

// โŒ BAD: ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ” ์—†์Œ
<input type="email" placeholder="์ด๋ฉ”์ผ" />

// โœ… GOOD: ๋ช…์‹œ์  ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ”
<label htmlFor="email">์ด๋ฉ”์ผ</label>
<input id="email" type="email" />

// ๋˜๋Š” aria-label ์‚ฌ์šฉ
<input type="email" aria-label="์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ" placeholder="์ด๋ฉ”์ผ" />

7. ARIA ์—ญํ•  ๋ฐ ์†์„ฑ

// ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ๋‹ค์ด์–ผ๋กœ๊ทธ
<div
  role="dialog"
  aria-modal="true"
  aria-labelledby="modal-title"
>
  <h2 id="modal-title">ํ™•์ธ</h2>
  ...
</div>

// ์•Œ๋ฆผ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€
<div role="alert" aria-live="polite">
  ์ €์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
</div>

// ๋กœ๋”ฉ ์ƒํƒœ
<button aria-busy={isLoading} disabled={isLoading}>
  {isLoading ? '์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ค‘...' : '์ œ์ถœ'}
</button>

8. ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ๊ธฐ ๋งํฌ

// ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ƒ๋‹จ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€
<a href="#main-content" className="skip-link">
  ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ๊ธฐ
</a>

// CSS
.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: -40px;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 100;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  top: 0;
}

WCAG 2.2 ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ธฐ์ค€

2.4.11 Focus Not Obscured (AA)

// โŒ BAD: ๊ณ ์ • ํ—ค๋”๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ปค์Šค ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆผ
.header { position: fixed; top: 0; }

// โœ… GOOD: scroll-margin์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์œ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™•๋ณด
:target {
  scroll-margin-top: 80px;
}

*:focus {
  scroll-margin-top: 80px;
}

2.5.7 Dragging Movements (AA)

// โŒ BAD: ๋“œ๋ž˜๊ทธ๋งŒ ์ง€์›
<DraggableList onDrag={handleReorder} />

// โœ… GOOD: ๋“œ๋ž˜๊ทธ + ๋ฒ„ํŠผ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ์ œ๊ณต
<DraggableList onDrag={handleReorder}>
  <button onClick={moveUp}>์œ„๋กœ ์ด๋™</button>
  <button onClick={moveDown}>์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์ด๋™</button>
</DraggableList>

2.5.8 Target Size (AA)

/* ์ตœ์†Œ ํ„ฐ์น˜ ํƒ€๊ฒŸ: 24x24px (AA), 44x44px ๊ถŒ์žฅ */
button, a, input[type="checkbox"] {
  min-width: 44px;
  min-height: 44px;
}

ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋„๊ตฌ

์ž๋™ํ™” ๋„๊ตฌ

# axe-core (React)
npm install @axe-core/react

# eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y
npm install eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y --save-dev

# Lighthouse CI
npm install -g @lhci/cli
lhci autorun

eslint ์„ค์ •

{
  "extends": ["plugin:jsx-a11y/recommended"],
  "rules": {
    "jsx-a11y/alt-text": "error",
    "jsx-a11y/anchor-is-valid": "error",
    "jsx-a11y/click-events-have-key-events": "error",
    "jsx-a11y/no-static-element-interactions": "error"
  }
}

์ˆ˜๋™ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ฒดํฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ

  • ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • Tab ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ 
  • ํฌ์ปค์Šค ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•จ
  • ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋กœ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ดํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • 200% ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด๋„ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์†์‹ค ์—†์Œ
  • ์ƒ‰์ƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ

Workflow

1. ์ปดํฌ๋„ŒํŠธ ์ž‘์„ฑ ์‹œ

์ฒดํฌํฌ์ธํŠธ:
1. ์‹œ๋งจํ‹ฑ HTML ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
2. ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฐ€?
3. ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ARIA ์†์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
4. ํฌ์ปค์Šค ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?

2. ์ฝ”๋“œ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ ์‹œ

์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ์ฒดํฌ:
1. img์— alt ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
2. form์— label ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
3. ์ƒ‰์ƒ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ๊ฐ€?
4. ํ„ฐ์น˜ ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ๊ฐ€?

Checklist

  • ์‹œ๋งจํ‹ฑ HTML ํƒœ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
  • ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” alt
  • ํผ ์š”์†Œ์— label ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ
  • ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ž‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • ํฌ์ปค์Šค ํ‘œ์‹œ ๋ช…ํ™•
  • ์ƒ‰์ƒ ๋Œ€๋น„ 4.5:1 ์ด์ƒ
  • ํ„ฐ์น˜ ํƒ€๊ฒŸ 44x44px ์ด์ƒ
  • ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ๊ธฐ ๋งํฌ ์ œ๊ณต
  • axe/Lighthouse ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํ†ต๊ณผ

References

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