agentsclimarketplace

Springboot tdd

Skill codelably/harmony-claude-code/skills/springboot-tdd

使用 JUnit 5、Mockito、MockMvc、Testcontainers 和 JaCoCo 进行 Spring Boot 的测试驱动开发(TDD)。在添加功能、修复 Bug 或进行重构时使用。From its SKILL.md

Install
npx -y skills add codelably/harmony-claude-code --skill springboot-tdd

Assembled from the repository path, not quoted from the project. Check it against their README if it does not work.

SKILL.md

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Spring Boot 测试驱动开发(TDD)工作流

针对 Spring Boot 服务的 TDD 指南,要求 80% 以上的覆盖率(单元测试 + 集成测试)。

适用场景

  • 开发新功能或端点(Endpoints)
  • 修复 Bug 或进行代码重构
  • 添加数据访问逻辑或安全规则

工作流

  1. 先写测试(测试应当失败)
  2. 实现最少量的代码以使测试通过
  3. 在测试通过(Green)的前提下进行重构
  4. 强制执行覆盖率检查(JaCoCo)

单元测试(JUnit 5 + Mockito)

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class MarketServiceTest {
  @Mock MarketRepository repo;
  @InjectMocks MarketService service;

  @Test
  void createsMarket() {
    CreateMarketRequest req = new CreateMarketRequest("name", "desc", Instant.now(), List.of("cat"));
    when(repo.save(any())).thenAnswer(inv -> inv.getArgument(0));

    Market result = service.create(req);

    assertThat(result.name()).isEqualTo("name");
    verify(repo).save(any());
  }
}

模式:

  • Arrange-Act-Assert(准备-执行-断言)
  • 避免部分打桩(Partial Mocks);优先使用显式桩函数(Stubbing)
  • 使用 @ParameterizedTest 处理多种变体场景

Web 层测试(MockMvc)

@WebMvcTest(MarketController.class)
class MarketControllerTest {
  @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
  @MockBean MarketService marketService;

  @Test
  void returnsMarkets() throws Exception {
    when(marketService.list(any())).thenReturn(Page.empty());

    mockMvc.perform(get("/api/markets"))
        .andExpect(status().isOk())
        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.content").isArray());
  }
}

集成测试(SpringBootTest)

@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@ActiveProfiles("test")
class MarketIntegrationTest {
  @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;

  @Test
  void createsMarket() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(post("/api/markets")
        .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
        .content("""
          {"name":"Test","description":"Desc","endDate":"2030-01-01T00:00:00Z","categories":["general"]}
        """))
      .andExpect(status().isCreated());
  }
}

持久层测试(DataJpaTest)

@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
@Import(TestContainersConfig.class)
class MarketRepositoryTest {
  @Autowired MarketRepository repo;

  @Test
  void savesAndFinds() {
    MarketEntity entity = new MarketEntity();
    entity.setName("Test");
    repo.save(entity);

    Optional<MarketEntity> found = repo.findByName("Test");
    assertThat(found).isPresent();
  }
}

Testcontainers

  • 使用可重用的容器(如 Postgres/Redis)来模拟生产环境
  • 通过 @DynamicPropertySource 进行连接,将 JDBC URL 注入到 Spring 上下文中

覆盖率(JaCoCo)

Maven 配置片段:

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
  <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>0.8.14</version>
  <executions>
    <execution>
      <goals><goal>prepare-agent</goal></goals>
    </execution>
    <execution>
      <id>report</id>
      <phase>verify</phase>
      <goals><goal>report</goal></goals>
    </execution>
  </executions>
</plugin>

断言(Assertions)

  • 为了提高可读性,优先选择 AssertJ (assertThat)
  • 对于 JSON 响应,使用 jsonPath
  • 对于异常测试:assertThatThrownBy(...)

测试数据构建器(Test Data Builders)

class MarketBuilder {
  private String name = "Test";
  MarketBuilder withName(String name) { this.name = name; return this; }
  Market build() { return new Market(null, name, MarketStatus.ACTIVE); }
}

CI 命令

  • Maven:mvn -T 4 test 或 mvn verify
  • Gradle:./gradlew test jacocoTestReport

记住:保持测试快速、隔离且具有确定性。测试的是行为,而非实现细节。

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