Springboot tdd
使用 JUnit 5、Mockito、MockMvc、Testcontainers 和 JaCoCo 进行 Spring Boot 的测试驱动开发(TDD)。在添加功能、修复 Bug 或进行重构时使用。From its SKILL.md
npx -y skills add codelably/harmony-claude-code --skill springboot-tddAssembled from the repository path, not quoted from the project. Check it against their README if it does not work.
SKILL.md
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Spring Boot 测试驱动开发(TDD)工作流
针对 Spring Boot 服务的 TDD 指南,要求 80% 以上的覆盖率(单元测试 + 集成测试)。
适用场景
- 开发新功能或端点(Endpoints)
- 修复 Bug 或进行代码重构
- 添加数据访问逻辑或安全规则
工作流
- 先写测试(测试应当失败)
- 实现最少量的代码以使测试通过
- 在测试通过(Green)的前提下进行重构
- 强制执行覆盖率检查(JaCoCo)
单元测试(JUnit 5 + Mockito)
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class MarketServiceTest {
@Mock MarketRepository repo;
@InjectMocks MarketService service;
@Test
void createsMarket() {
CreateMarketRequest req = new CreateMarketRequest("name", "desc", Instant.now(), List.of("cat"));
when(repo.save(any())).thenAnswer(inv -> inv.getArgument(0));
Market result = service.create(req);
assertThat(result.name()).isEqualTo("name");
verify(repo).save(any());
}
}
模式:
- Arrange-Act-Assert(准备-执行-断言)
- 避免部分打桩(Partial Mocks);优先使用显式桩函数(Stubbing)
- 使用
@ParameterizedTest处理多种变体场景
Web 层测试(MockMvc)
@WebMvcTest(MarketController.class)
class MarketControllerTest {
@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
@MockBean MarketService marketService;
@Test
void returnsMarkets() throws Exception {
when(marketService.list(any())).thenReturn(Page.empty());
mockMvc.perform(get("/api/markets"))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(jsonPath("$.content").isArray());
}
}
集成测试(SpringBootTest)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@ActiveProfiles("test")
class MarketIntegrationTest {
@Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
@Test
void createsMarket() throws Exception {
mockMvc.perform(post("/api/markets")
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.content("""
{"name":"Test","description":"Desc","endDate":"2030-01-01T00:00:00Z","categories":["general"]}
"""))
.andExpect(status().isCreated());
}
}
持久层测试(DataJpaTest)
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
@Import(TestContainersConfig.class)
class MarketRepositoryTest {
@Autowired MarketRepository repo;
@Test
void savesAndFinds() {
MarketEntity entity = new MarketEntity();
entity.setName("Test");
repo.save(entity);
Optional<MarketEntity> found = repo.findByName("Test");
assertThat(found).isPresent();
}
}
Testcontainers
- 使用可重用的容器(如 Postgres/Redis)来模拟生产环境
- 通过
@DynamicPropertySource进行连接,将 JDBC URL 注入到 Spring 上下文中
覆盖率(JaCoCo)
Maven 配置片段:
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
<artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>0.8.14</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals><goal>prepare-agent</goal></goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>report</id>
<phase>verify</phase>
<goals><goal>report</goal></goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
断言(Assertions)
- 为了提高可读性,优先选择 AssertJ (
assertThat) - 对于 JSON 响应,使用
jsonPath - 对于异常测试:
assertThatThrownBy(...)
测试数据构建器(Test Data Builders)
class MarketBuilder {
private String name = "Test";
MarketBuilder withName(String name) { this.name = name; return this; }
Market build() { return new Market(null, name, MarketStatus.ACTIVE); }
}
CI 命令
- Maven:
mvn -T 4 test或mvn verify - Gradle:
./gradlew test jacocoTestReport
记住:保持测试快速、隔离且具有确定性。测试的是行为,而非实现细节。