Bevy animation

Bevy 0.19 — Animation (graphs, blending, events, 12 principles)

When to use this skill

• Loading a glTF clip and playing it on a character: AnimationPlayer + AnimationGraphHandle.
• Cross-fading between idle / walk / run via AnimationTransitions::play(player, node, Duration).
• Building an AnimationGraph in code: blend nodes, additive nodes, weights, AnimationMask.
• Triggering gameplay events from a clip timeline (footsteps, hitbox activation, VFX cues) with #[derive(AnimationEvent)] + clip.add_event_to_target(...) + On<MyEvent> observers.
• Procedural tweening without an AnimationClip — sampling a Curve per frame via EasingCurve + EaseFunction or CubicSegment::new_bezier_easing.
• Applying the 12 Basic Principles of Animation (Thomas & Johnston, 1981) to a Bevy character.
• Importing a Blender rig and finding bones aren't animated — usually the Name requirement for AnimationTargetId::from_name.

Canonical end-to-end pattern

Verified against bevy = "0.19" — cargo check clean in bevy-skills-tester/skill-snippets/examples/bevy_animation.rs.

use bevy::{
    animation::{
        animated_field,
        animation_curves::{AnimatableCurve, AnimatableKeyframeCurve},
        AnimationEvent, AnimationTargetId,
    },
    prelude::*,
};
use core::time::Duration;

#[derive(AnimationEvent, Clone)]
struct FootstepEvent { foot: u8 }

fn setup(
    mut commands: Commands,
    asset_server: Res<AssetServer>,
    mut clips: ResMut<Assets<AnimationClip>>,
    mut graphs: ResMut<Assets<AnimationGraph>>,
) {
    // 1. Load a glTF clip
    let walk: Handle<AnimationClip> =
        asset_server.load("models/character.glb#Animation0");

    // 2. Build a tiny procedural clip with a sample curve + an event
    let bone = AnimationTargetId::from_name(&Name::new("Hips"));
    let tween = AnimatableKeyframeCurve::new([
        (0.0_f32, Vec3::ZERO),
        (0.5,     Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)),
        (1.0,     Vec3::ZERO),
    ]).expect("strictly-increasing times");
    let curve = AnimatableCurve::new(animated_field!(Transform::translation), tween);
    let mut proc = AnimationClip::default();
    proc.add_curve_to_target(bone, curve);
    proc.add_event(0.5, FootstepEvent { foot: 0 });
    let proc = clips.add(proc);

    // 3. Compose a graph: root → walk + additive(proc, mask=group 0 excluded)
    const MASK_GROUP_0_BIT: u64 = 1 << 0;
    let mut graph = AnimationGraph::new();
    let root = graph.root;
    let _walk_node = graph.add_clip(walk, 1.0, root);
    let additive = graph.add_additive_blend(0.5, root);
    let _proc_node = graph.add_clip_with_mask(proc, MASK_GROUP_0_BIT, 1.0, additive);

    // 4. Spawn the player entity (bones come from the loaded glTF scene)
    commands.spawn((
        Name::new("AnimationRoot"),
        AnimationPlayer::default(),
        AnimationGraphHandle(graphs.add(graph)),
        AnimationTransitions::new(),
    ));
}

fn start(mut q: Query<(&mut AnimationTransitions, &mut AnimationPlayer), Added<AnimationPlayer>>) {
    use bevy::animation::{graph::AnimationNodeIndex, RepeatAnimation};
    for (mut tx, mut player) in &mut q {
        tx.play(&mut player, AnimationNodeIndex::new(1), Duration::from_millis(250))
            .set_repeat(RepeatAnimation::Forever);
    }
}

fn on_footstep(trigger: On<FootstepEvent>) {
    let foot = trigger.foot;                        // On<E> derefs to &E
    let _entity = trigger.trigger().target;          // AnimationEventTrigger::target
    let _ = foot;
}

fn main() {
    App::new()
        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)                 // gltf_animation is a default feature
        .add_systems(Startup, setup)
        .add_systems(Update, start)
        .add_observer(on_footstep)
        .run();
}

Topics

Topic	Reference
Building blend / additive graphs, AnimationMask, hot-swap	references/animation-graph.md
Blender → glTF → Bevy import: Name, axis, multi-clip, unsupported extensions	references/gltf-import.md
Procedural animation in Update vs FixedUpdate, root-motion extraction	references/procedural-animation.md
Idle / walk / run blending; AnimationTransitions::play + Bevy States integration	references/state-machines.md
#[derive(AnimationEvent)], add_event_to_target, On<E> observer wiring	references/animation-events.md
AnimatableCurve, EasingCurve, EaseFunction, cubic-bezier, UnevenSampleAutoCurve	references/curves-and-tweening.md
AnimationPlayer cost, skin buffers, graph complexity, runtime graph swaps	references/performance.md
Principles — Slow In/Out, Timing, Anticipation → easing + duration	references/principles-easing-and-timing.md
Principles — Squash & Stretch, Arc, Exaggeration → Transform keyframes	references/principles-transform-keyframes.md
Principles — Staging, Follow Through, Secondary Action → graph layering + masks	references/principles-graph-layering.md
Principles — Straight-Ahead vs Pose-to-Pose, Solid Drawing, Appeal → upstream authoring	references/principles-authoring.md

The 12 Basic Principles of Animation

The four principles-*.md references group Thomas & Johnston's twelve principles by which Bevy primitive they actually exercise. Quick map:

• Easing & Timing — Slow In/Out, Timing, Anticipation map to EaseFunction / EasingCurve / CubicSegment::new_bezier_easing and clip duration + ActiveAnimation::set_speed.
• Transform keyframes — Squash & Stretch, Arc, Exaggeration are AnimatableKeyframeCurve over Transform::scale / ::translation via animated_field!.
• Graph layering — Staging, Follow Through & Overlapping Action, Secondary Action are AnimationGraph::add_additive_blend + AnimationMask group isolation.
• Authoring — Straight-Ahead vs Pose-to-Pose, Solid Drawing, Appeal live in your DCC tool (Blender, Maya). Bevy plays whatever you authored.

Gotchas

• Target components are split. AnimationTarget { id, player } no longer exists. Bone entities use AnimationTargetId(Uuid) plus AnimatedBy(Entity); the glTF loader supplies both.
• Regenerate persisted target IDs. Bevy 0.19 changed the AnimationTargetId calculation algorithm. Serialized target IDs from 0.18 must be recalculated from the hierarchy/name path.
• gltf_animation is on by default. It's already in bevy = "0.19"'s default features — no opt-in needed unless you ran default-features = false.
• AnimationTransitions::play_with_transition does NOT exist. The real and only method is play(&mut self, player, node, Duration) -> &mut ActiveAnimation. Chain .set_repeat(RepeatAnimation::Forever) / .set_speed(f32) on the returned value.
• animated_field! and AnimatableCurve are not in the prelude. Import explicitly from bevy::animation::{animated_field, animation_curves::{AnimatableCurve, AnimatableKeyframeCurve}}.
• On<AnimationEvent> is not an EntityEvent observer. On<E> derefs to &E (access event fields directly). The firing entity is at trigger.trigger().target (the AnimationEventTrigger::target field renamed from animation_player in 0.18). .target() is not available — that's for EntityEvents.
• Name is required on bone entities for AnimationTargetId::from_name(&Name) to resolve. The glTF loader sets this; hand-built skeletons must too.
• AnimationMask bit polarity. A bit set in a node's u64 mask means that node will not animate targets in that group. Register a bone into a group via graph.add_target_to_mask_group(target_id, group_u32). To restrict a node to a single group, set every bit except that group's.
• Schedule. Bevy's animation systems run in PostUpdate, chained .before(TransformSystems::Propagate). Procedural systems that also write Transform should run in Update or order explicitly relative to AnimationSystems in PostUpdate.
• Out of scope in core animation. No built-in IK, particle/FX systems are separate, and the glTF loader does not implement KHR_animation_pointer — see references/gltf-import.md.

See also

• bevy-cameras — camera animation (panning, dolly, focus follow) overlaps with this skill; use the same EaseFunction / EasingCurve toolkit.
• bevy-core-concepts — Update vs FixedUpdate choice matters for procedural animation; see procedural-animation.md.
• bevy-ecs-systems — observer wiring patterns (On<E>, add_observer) used for AnimationEvents.
• bevy-pbr-materials — material-parameter animation via AnimatableCurve targeting StandardMaterial fields (emissive flicker, alpha fades).
• bevy-custom-assets — AssetLoader patterns if you serialise AnimationGraph to RON (.animgraph.ron) and load it as an asset.
• bevy-migration-0-18-to-0-19 — persisted target-ID and morph-target asset changes.