Uikit layouting

UIKit Horizontal-First Layouting

A systematic approach to UIKit layout design that prioritizes horizontal slicing and requires ASCII visualization before any code implementation.

Core Methodology (ALWAYS FOLLOW)

1. Identify horizontal bands - Slice UI into rows first
2. ASCII preview - ALWAYS show layout before writing ANY code
3. Implement top-to-bottom - Build each row sequentially
4. User confirmation - Get approval before generating code

MANDATORY: ASCII Preview Before Code

CRITICAL: Before writing ANY UIKit layout code, you MUST:

1. Draw an ASCII diagram of the entire screen
2. Label each horizontal row
3. Show content within each row
4. Mark fixed vs flexible heights
5. Get user confirmation

NEVER skip this step. NEVER write layout code first.

ASCII Preview Format

Full Screen Template

┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│ [Status Bar - 44pt/54pt]            │  <- Safe area top
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [Navigation Bar - 44pt]             │  <- Fixed height
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [Row 1: Content description]        │  <- Describe content
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [Row 2: Content description]        │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [                                   │
│    Flexible Content Area            │  <- Mark as flexible
│                                     │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [Row N: Content description]        │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [Tab Bar / Safe Area - 34pt/49pt]   │  <- Safe area bottom
└─────────────────────────────────────┘

Row Detail Template

When a row has horizontal content, show the internal layout:

Row: [Leading | Center | Trailing]

Example:
┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ [48px] │ [Flexible]      │ [32px]      │
│ Icon   │ Title + Subtitle│ Chevron     │
└────────────────────────────────────────┘

Complete Example: Login Screen

Step 1: ASCII Preview (REQUIRED)

┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│ [Safe Area Top]                     │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [Row 1: Logo - 120pt]               │  <- Fixed
│        ┌──────┐                     │
│        │ Logo │                     │
│        └──────┘                     │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [Row 2: Title - 60pt]               │  <- Fixed
│     "Welcome Back"                  │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [Row 3: Email Field - 80pt]         │  <- Fixed
│  ┌─────────────────────────────┐    │
│  │ Email                       │    │
│  └─────────────────────────────┘    │
│  [Error label]                      │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [Row 4: Password Field - 80pt]      │  <- Fixed
│  ┌─────────────────────────────┐    │
│  │ Password              [Eye] │    │
│  └─────────────────────────────┘    │
│  [Error label]                      │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [Row 5: Forgot Password - 44pt]     │  <- Fixed
│            "Forgot Password?"       │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [                                   │
│      Flexible Spacer                │  <- Flexible
│                                     │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [Row 6: Login Button - 56pt]        │  <- Fixed
│  ┌─────────────────────────────┐    │
│  │         Login               │    │
│  └─────────────────────────────┘    │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [Row 7: Signup Link - 44pt]         │  <- Fixed
│    "Don't have account? Sign up"    │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [Safe Area Bottom]                  │
└─────────────────────────────────────┘

Step 2: Row Breakdown

Row	Content	Height	Horizontal Layout
1	Logo	120pt fixed	Centered
2	Title	60pt fixed	Centered
3	Email field + error	80pt fixed	Full width with padding
4	Password field + error	80pt fixed	TextField + eye button
5	Forgot password	44pt fixed	Centered link
Spacer	-	Flexible	-
6	Login button	56pt fixed	Full width with padding
7	Signup link	44pt fixed	Centered

Step 3: User Confirms → Generate Code

final class LoginViewController: UIViewController {

    // MARK: - UI Elements

    private let rootStackView: UIStackView = {
        let stack = UIStackView()
        stack.axis = .vertical
        stack.spacing = 0
        stack.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return stack
    }()

    // Row 1: Logo
    private let logoRow: UIView = {
        let view = UIView()
        view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return view
    }()

    private let logoImageView: UIImageView = {
        let imageView = UIImageView()
        imageView.contentMode = .scaleAspectFit
        imageView.image = UIImage(named: "logo")
        imageView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return imageView
    }()

    // Row 2: Title
    private let titleLabel: UILabel = {
        let label = UILabel()
        label.text = "Welcome Back"
        label.font = .systemFont(ofSize: 28, weight: .bold)
        label.textAlignment = .center
        return label
    }()

    // Row 3: Email
    private let emailRow: UIView = {
        let view = UIView()
        view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return view
    }()

    private let emailTextField: UITextField = {
        let tf = UITextField()
        tf.placeholder = "Email"
        tf.borderStyle = .roundedRect
        tf.keyboardType = .emailAddress
        tf.autocapitalizationType = .none
        tf.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return tf
    }()

    private let emailErrorLabel: UILabel = {
        let label = UILabel()
        label.font = .systemFont(ofSize: 12)
        label.textColor = .systemRed
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    }()

    // Row 4: Password
    private let passwordRow: UIView = {
        let view = UIView()
        view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return view
    }()

    private let passwordTextField: UITextField = {
        let tf = UITextField()
        tf.placeholder = "Password"
        tf.borderStyle = .roundedRect
        tf.isSecureTextEntry = true
        tf.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return tf
    }()

    private let eyeButton: UIButton = {
        let button = UIButton(type: .system)
        button.setImage(UIImage(systemName: "eye"), for: .normal)
        button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return button
    }()

    private let passwordErrorLabel: UILabel = {
        let label = UILabel()
        label.font = .systemFont(ofSize: 12)
        label.textColor = .systemRed
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    }()

    // Row 5: Forgot Password
    private let forgotPasswordButton: UIButton = {
        let button = UIButton(type: .system)
        button.setTitle("Forgot Password?", for: .normal)
        return button
    }()

    // Flexible Spacer
    private let spacerView: UIView = {
        let view = UIView()
        view.setContentHuggingPriority(.defaultLow, for: .vertical)
        return view
    }()

    // Row 6: Login Button
    private let loginRow: UIView = {
        let view = UIView()
        view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return view
    }()

    private let loginButton: UIButton = {
        let button = UIButton(type: .system)
        button.setTitle("Login", for: .normal)
        button.titleLabel?.font = .systemFont(ofSize: 17, weight: .semibold)
        button.backgroundColor = .systemBlue
        button.setTitleColor(.white, for: .normal)
        button.layer.cornerRadius = 12
        button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return button
    }()

    // Row 7: Signup Link
    private let signupButton: UIButton = {
        let button = UIButton(type: .system)
        button.setTitle("Don't have account? Sign up", for: .normal)
        return button
    }()

    // MARK: - Lifecycle

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        view.backgroundColor = .systemBackground
        setupHierarchy()
        setupConstraints()
    }

    // MARK: - Setup

    private func setupHierarchy() {
        view.addSubview(rootStackView)

        // Row 1: Logo
        logoRow.addSubview(logoImageView)
        rootStackView.addArrangedSubview(logoRow)

        // Row 2: Title
        rootStackView.addArrangedSubview(titleLabel)

        // Row 3: Email
        emailRow.addSubview(emailTextField)
        emailRow.addSubview(emailErrorLabel)
        rootStackView.addArrangedSubview(emailRow)

        // Row 4: Password
        passwordRow.addSubview(passwordTextField)
        passwordRow.addSubview(eyeButton)
        passwordRow.addSubview(passwordErrorLabel)
        rootStackView.addArrangedSubview(passwordRow)

        // Row 5: Forgot Password
        rootStackView.addArrangedSubview(forgotPasswordButton)

        // Flexible Spacer
        rootStackView.addArrangedSubview(spacerView)

        // Row 6: Login Button
        loginRow.addSubview(loginButton)
        rootStackView.addArrangedSubview(loginRow)

        // Row 7: Signup Link
        rootStackView.addArrangedSubview(signupButton)
    }

    private func setupConstraints() {
        let padding: CGFloat = 24

        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            // Root stack pinned to safe area
            rootStackView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.topAnchor),
            rootStackView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leadingAnchor),
            rootStackView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.trailingAnchor),
            rootStackView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.bottomAnchor),

            // Row 1: Logo - 120pt height
            logoRow.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 120),
            logoImageView.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: logoRow.centerXAnchor),
            logoImageView.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: logoRow.centerYAnchor),
            logoImageView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 80),
            logoImageView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 80),

            // Row 2: Title - intrinsic (wrapped by stack)

            // Row 3: Email - 80pt height
            emailRow.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 80),
            emailTextField.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: emailRow.topAnchor, constant: 8),
            emailTextField.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: emailRow.leadingAnchor, constant: padding),
            emailTextField.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: emailRow.trailingAnchor, constant: -padding),
            emailTextField.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 44),
            emailErrorLabel.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: emailTextField.bottomAnchor, constant: 4),
            emailErrorLabel.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: emailTextField.leadingAnchor),
            emailErrorLabel.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: emailTextField.trailingAnchor),

            // Row 4: Password - 80pt height
            passwordRow.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 80),
            passwordTextField.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: passwordRow.topAnchor, constant: 8),
            passwordTextField.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: passwordRow.leadingAnchor, constant: padding),
            passwordTextField.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: passwordRow.trailingAnchor, constant: -padding),
            passwordTextField.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 44),
            eyeButton.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: passwordTextField.centerYAnchor),
            eyeButton.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: passwordTextField.trailingAnchor, constant: -12),
            eyeButton.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 24),
            passwordErrorLabel.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: passwordTextField.bottomAnchor, constant: 4),
            passwordErrorLabel.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: passwordTextField.leadingAnchor),
            passwordErrorLabel.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: passwordTextField.trailingAnchor),

            // Row 5: Forgot Password - 44pt (intrinsic)
            forgotPasswordButton.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 44),

            // Spacer takes remaining space (low hugging priority)

            // Row 6: Login Button - 56pt height
            loginRow.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 56),
            loginButton.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: loginRow.topAnchor),
            loginButton.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: loginRow.leadingAnchor, constant: padding),
            loginButton.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: loginRow.trailingAnchor, constant: -padding),
            loginButton.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: loginRow.bottomAnchor),

            // Row 7: Signup Link - 44pt (intrinsic)
            signupButton.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 44),
        ])
    }
}

Horizontal Slicing Rules

Rule 1: Top-Level is Always Vertical

The root container is a vertical stack. Each child is a horizontal row.

let rootStack = UIStackView()
rootStack.axis = .vertical  // ALWAYS

Rule 2: Rows Contain Horizontal Content

Each row manages its own horizontal layout:

Row: [Leading Content | Center Content | Trailing Content]

Rule 3: Fixed vs Flexible Heights

Mark heights clearly in ASCII:

• ← Fixed 44pt - explicit height constraint
• ← Flexible - uses content hugging/compression resistance

Rule 4: Safe Areas Are Respected

Always show safe area boundaries:

• Top: Status bar + notch
• Bottom: Home indicator

Common Row Patterns

Navigation Row

┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ [Back] │     [Title]      │ [Action]   │
│  44pt  │     Flexible     │   44pt     │
└────────────────────────────────────────┘

List Cell Row

┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ [Avatar] │ [Title    ] │ [Accessory]   │
│   48pt   │ [Subtitle ] │    24pt       │
│          │  Flexible   │               │
└────────────────────────────────────────┘

Form Field Row

┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ [Label]  │ [TextField           ]      │
│  80pt    │        Flexible             │
└────────────────────────────────────────┘

Button Bar Row

┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ [Cancel]  │  [Spacer]  │  [Confirm]    │
│  Equal    │  Flexible  │    Equal      │
└────────────────────────────────────────┘

Constraint Naming Convention

Use descriptive names that match the ASCII diagram:

// Row names
let headerRow, contentRow, footerRow

// Element positions
let leadingElement, centerElement, trailingElement

// Sections
let topSection, middleSection, bottomSection

Workflow Summary

1. User Request → "Create a settings screen"
                          ↓
2. ASCII Diagram → Draw full screen with all rows
                          ↓
3. Row Breakdown → Table listing content & heights
                          ↓
4. User Confirms → "Looks good" / "Change X"
                          ↓
5. Generate Code → UIKit with proper constraints

Anti-Patterns (NEVER DO)

❌ Write code without ASCII preview ❌ Guess at layout structure ❌ Start with individual views before overall structure ❌ Mix SwiftUI and UIKit for layout ❌ Use Auto Layout without clear row hierarchy

Quick Reference: Heights

Element	Height
Status bar	44pt (54pt with notch)
Navigation bar	44pt
Large title nav	96pt
Tab bar	49pt
Toolbar	44pt
Standard button	44pt
Large button	56pt
Text field	44pt
Table cell	44pt minimum
Safe area bottom	34pt (home indicator)

Pre-Layout Interview

Before creating any UI layout, gather requirements using AskUserQuestion:

Layout Questions

Question 1: Screen Type

• Header: "Screen Type"
• Question: "What type of screen is this?"
• Options:
  • Form screen - Input fields, labels, buttons
  • List screen - Scrollable list of items
  • Detail screen - Display content with actions
  • Dashboard - Multiple sections/cards

Question 2: Key Components (multiSelect: true)

• Header: "Components"
• Question: "What UI elements do you need?"
• Options:
  • Text inputs - Text fields, text views
  • Buttons - Action buttons, links
  • Images - Photos, icons, avatars
  • Lists/Tables - Scrollable content

Question 3: Layout Complexity

• Header: "Complexity"
• Question: "How complex is the layout?"
• Options:
  • Simple - Few rows, straightforward
  • Medium - Multiple sections, some nesting
  • Complex - Many elements, intricate layout

Question 4: Scrolling Behavior

• Header: "Scrolling"
• Question: "Does the content need to scroll?"
• Options:
  • No scrolling - Fixed content fits screen
  • Vertical scroll - Content exceeds screen height
  • Horizontal scroll - Side-scrolling content
  • Both directions - Complex scrollable content

Interview Flow

1. Ask questions using AskUserQuestion
2. Summarize: "Creating a [screen type] with [components], [complexity] layout, [scrolling] behavior"
3. ALWAYS show ASCII preview before any code
4. Get user confirmation
5. Generate UIKit code

Skip Interview If:

• User provided detailed layout specifications
• User says "skip questions" or "just do it"
• User shared wireframe or design