Securing code

Securing Code

Invocation Notice

Inform the user when this skill is being invoked: securing-code.

When to Use

• Implementing any feature, endpoint, service, or component
• Writing auth, session management, or access control logic
• Handling file uploads, secrets, crypto, or sensitive data
• Reviewing code changes for security issues
• Checking a diff, branch, or PR for security correctness

When Not to Use

• General code review without a security focus — code-review invokes this skill internally for its security lens
• Explaining code without modifying it
• Formatting or linting only
• Writing documentation unrelated to security controls

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Tier 1 — Core Principles (Apply to Every Task)

These apply regardless of task type — implementation or review.

Secure Design Principles

• Assume breach — design as if the system will be compromised; no single point of trust
• Validate all external input — reject anything invalid; never try to "fix" bad input
• Validate first, then escape — for the output context; use sanitization only when escaping is not possible, via a hardened library; prefer allowlists over blocklists
• Fail closed — on error, roll back completely and deny access; never fail open
• Least privilege — grant minimum permissions necessary at every layer
• Defense in depth — layer controls; never rely on a single protection
• Zero trust — verify on every request, not just once at login

Code Generation Requirements

All of the following must be satisfied when generating or modifying code:

1. Parameterized queries for all database access (SQL and NoSQL) — never concatenate user input
2. Framework-native auth — use framework or third-party auth/session/access-control; do not build custom authentication
3. Per-request authorization — enforce on every endpoint, AJAX call, page, and resource request including object-level checks
4. Secret management — load secrets from a secret manager; never hardcode keys, tokens, or passwords
5. Approved cryptography — AES-256-GCM for encryption, SHA-256/SHA-3 for hashing, Argon2id for passwords, Ed25519/ECDSA P-256 for signatures
6. Context-aware output encoding — encode all user-controlled data before rendering (HTML, JS, URL, CSS contexts)
7. Safe error handling — catch all exceptions, log details internally, show generic messages to users; fail closed with full rollback
8. Rate limiting — apply on all endpoints; no wildcard boundaries (*); no unlimited operations
9. No unsafe deserialization — never deserialize untrusted data; never pass user input to system calls
10. Memory-safe languages preferred — if C/C++, apply bounds checking and safe functions
11. Security headers and cookies — set security headers; use Secure, HttpOnly, SameSite=Lax (Strict for high-risk sessions); if SameSite=None, pair with Secure + CSRF defenses
12. CSRF protection — enable when the framework supports it for state-changing operations; add manually if not
13. Deployment hygiene — never run as root in production; initialize all variables; treat compiler warnings as errors

High-Risk Changes — Confirm Before Implementing

The following categories have a large blast radius or affect the trust model. Surface them and get explicit user approval before writing code, even if the user's request implies them:

• New or modified authentication / session flow (login, MFA, password reset, OAuth callback)
• New CORS configuration or relaxing an existing one (added origins, credentials: true, wildcard)
• New external service integration (third-party API, webhook receiver, OAuth provider)
• New file upload, download, or user-controlled storage path
• New category of sensitive data being stored (PII, payment, health, credentials)
• Granting elevated permissions, new roles, or service-account scope expansions
• Disabling, loosening, or bypassing rate limits, security headers, CSP, or framework auto-escaping
• Changes to cryptographic primitives, key rotation, or token lifetimes

For these, state what is changing and the risk, then wait for confirmation. A user request to "add login" is permission for the feature, not for a specific auth design — confirm the design first.

Response Behavior

• State security assumptions before writing code (auth model, data classification, framework)
• Flag skipped requirements — anything simplified or omitted for brevity is a gap attackers find
• Append "Security Notes" to all code responses: what the code does to meet each requirement, and what the developer still needs to configure (headers, secrets, IAM, logging)
• Never propose insecure shortcuts "for simplicity" or "for now"
• Document exceptions explicitly — if a business requirement forces a deviation, state it and propose the safest alternative

Counter-Rationalizations

Push back on these framings — from the user or yourself — when they appear as justification for skipping a control:

Rationalization	Reality
"It's an internal tool, security doesn't matter"	Internal tools get compromised; attackers pivot through the weakest link.
"We'll add security later"	Retrofitting is far harder than building it in; "later" usually means "in prod".
"No one would try to exploit this"	Automated scanners find everything reachable; obscurity is not a control.
"The framework handles it"	Frameworks provide tools, not guarantees — they still have to be wired correctly.
"It's just a prototype / spike / demo"	Prototypes ship. The auth shortcut becomes the production auth.
"This endpoint isn't exposed publicly"	Network boundaries change; SSRF, misconfig, and lateral movement reach it anyway.

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Routing

Implementation Tasks

1. Apply Tier 1 above (always)

2. Open references/tier2-implementation.md and follow the checklist for your task type:

   Task	Section
   General feature / component	§2.1
   REST or GraphQL API endpoint	§2.2
   Auth, sessions, or access control	§2.3
   Secrets, crypto, or data protection	§2.4
   Supply chain or CI/CD	§2.5

3. For security-complex domains, also load the matching Tier 3 reference:

   Domain	Reference
   Input handling	references/tier3-input-validation.md
   File upload / download	references/tier3-file-upload.md
   Database-heavy features	references/tier3-database.md
   Auth / session flows	references/tier3-threat-modeling.md
   C / C++ / embedded	references/tier3-memory-safety.md

Review Tasks

1. Apply Tier 1 above (always)
2. Load references/tier2-review.md for the review workflow and checklist
3. Load relevant Tier 3 references for the domains covered by the change (same routing table as Implementation Tasks above)
4. Use references/owasp-2025.md to verify coverage against all 10 OWASP categories

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References

• references/tier2-implementation.md — task-specific implementation checklists (§2.1–§2.5)
• references/tier2-review.md — code review workflow, OWASP-mapped checklist, output format
• references/tier3-input-validation.md — allowlist validation, output encoding, CSP
• references/tier3-file-upload.md — file upload validation, storage, retrieval
• references/tier3-database.md — injection prevention, DB access control, encryption
• references/tier3-error-handling.md — safe error handling, security event logging
• references/tier3-memory-safety.md — C/C++ memory safety, compiler flags, sanitizers
• references/tier3-language-specific.md — Python, JS/Node, Java, C#/.NET forbidden patterns and safe alternatives
• references/tier3-threat-modeling.md — STRIDE, trust boundaries, risk rating
• references/owasp-2025.md — OWASP Top 10 2025 with control mapping to skill tiers