React architect

React Architect

Modern React application architecture and best practices.

Project Setup

Vite (Recommended)

# Create new project
npm create vite@latest my-app -- --template react-ts
cd my-app
npm install

# Add common dependencies
npm install react-router-dom zustand axios
npm install -D @types/react @types/react-dom

Next.js (Full-stack)

# Create Next.js app
npx create-next-app@latest my-app --typescript --tailwind --app

# Project structure
my-app/
├── app/
│   ├── layout.tsx
│   ├── page.tsx
│   └── api/
├── components/
├── lib/
└── public/

Component Architecture

File Structure

src/
├── components/
│   ├── ui/              # Reusable UI components
│   │   ├── Button/
│   │   │   ├── Button.tsx
│   │   │   ├── Button.test.tsx
│   │   │   └── index.ts
│   │   └── Input/
│   ├── features/        # Feature-specific components
│   │   └── auth/
│   │       ├── LoginForm.tsx
│   │       └── RegisterForm.tsx
│   └── layouts/         # Layout components
│       └── MainLayout.tsx
├── hooks/               # Custom hooks
├── lib/                 # Utilities and configs
├── types/               # TypeScript types
└── pages/               # Page components (if not using Next.js)

Component Template

// components/ui/Button/Button.tsx
import { forwardRef, ButtonHTMLAttributes } from 'react';
import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';

interface ButtonProps extends ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement> {
  variant?: 'primary' | 'secondary' | 'danger';
  size?: 'sm' | 'md' | 'lg';
  isLoading?: boolean;
}

export const Button = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, ButtonProps>(
  ({ className, variant = 'primary', size = 'md', isLoading, children, disabled, ...props }, ref) => {
    return (
      <button
        ref={ref}
        className={cn(
          'rounded font-medium transition-colors',
          variants[variant],
          sizes[size],
          disabled && 'opacity-50 cursor-not-allowed',
          className
        )}
        disabled={disabled || isLoading}
        {...props}
      >
        {isLoading ? <Spinner /> : children}
      </button>
    );
  }
);

const variants = {
  primary: 'bg-blue-600 text-white hover:bg-blue-700',
  secondary: 'bg-gray-200 text-gray-900 hover:bg-gray-300',
  danger: 'bg-red-600 text-white hover:bg-red-700'
};

const sizes = {
  sm: 'px-3 py-1 text-sm',
  md: 'px-4 py-2',
  lg: 'px-6 py-3 text-lg'
};

State Management

Zustand (Recommended)

// stores/useAuthStore.ts
import { create } from 'zustand';
import { persist } from 'zustand/middleware';

interface AuthState {
  user: User | null;
  token: string | null;
  login: (email: string, password: string) => Promise<void>;
  logout: () => void;
}

export const useAuthStore = create<AuthState>()(
  persist(
    (set) => ({
      user: null,
      token: null,
      login: async (email, password) => {
        const { user, token } = await authApi.login(email, password);
        set({ user, token });
      },
      logout: () => set({ user: null, token: null })
    }),
    { name: 'auth-storage' }
  )
);

// Usage
function Profile() {
  const { user, logout } = useAuthStore();
  return <div>{user?.name} <button onClick={logout}>Logout</button></div>;
}

Redux Toolkit

// store/userSlice.ts
import { createSlice, createAsyncThunk } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';

export const fetchUser = createAsyncThunk('user/fetch', async (id: string) => {
  return await userApi.fetch(id);
});

const userSlice = createSlice({
  name: 'user',
  initialState: { data: null, loading: false },
  reducers: {
    clearUser: (state) => { state.data = null; }
  },
  extraReducers: (builder) => {
    builder
      .addCase(fetchUser.pending, (state) => { state.loading = true; })
      .addCase(fetchUser.fulfilled, (state, action) => {
        state.loading = false;
        state.data = action.payload;
      });
  }
});

Custom Hooks

// hooks/useLocalStorage.ts
export function useLocalStorage<T>(key: string, initialValue: T) {
  const [value, setValue] = useState<T>(() => {
    const stored = localStorage.getItem(key);
    return stored ? JSON.parse(stored) : initialValue;
  });

  useEffect(() => {
    localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(value));
  }, [key, value]);

  return [value, setValue] as const;
}

// hooks/useFetch.ts
export function useFetch<T>(url: string) {
  const [data, setData] = useState<T | null>(null);
  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | null>(null);
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);

  useEffect(() => {
    fetch(url)
      .then(res => res.json())
      .then(setData)
      .catch(setError)
      .finally(() => setLoading(false));
  }, [url]);

  return { data, error, loading };
}

Performance Optimization

Code Splitting

// Lazy load components
const Dashboard = lazy(() => import('./pages/Dashboard'));
const Settings = lazy(() => import('./pages/Settings'));

function App() {
  return (
    <Suspense fallback={<Loading />}>
      <Routes>
        <Route path="/dashboard" element={<Dashboard />} />
        <Route path="/settings" element={<Settings />} />
      </Routes>
    </Suspense>
  );
}

Memoization

// Memoize expensive components
const ExpensiveList = memo(function ExpensiveList({ items }: Props) {
  return items.map(item => <Item key={item.id} {...item} />);
});

// Memoize computations
function DataTable({ data, filter }: Props) {
  const filteredData = useMemo(
    () => data.filter(item => item.name.includes(filter)),
    [data, filter]
  );
  
  return <Table data={filteredData} />;
}

// Memoize callbacks
function Parent() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
  const handleClick = useCallback(() => setCount(c => c + 1), []);
  return <Child onClick={handleClick} />;
}

React Router

// router/index.tsx
import { createBrowserRouter, RouterProvider } from 'react-router-dom';

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: '/',
    element: <Layout />,
    children: [
      { index: true, element: <Home /> },
      { path: 'dashboard', element: <Dashboard /> },
      { 
        path: 'admin',
        element: <ProtectedRoute role="admin" />,
        children: [
          { path: 'users', element: <UserManagement /> }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
]);

function App() {
  return <RouterProvider router={router} />;
}

Scripts

• scripts/create_component.sh - Generate component with tests
• scripts/setup_tailwind.sh - Configure Tailwind CSS
• scripts/analyze_bundle.sh - Analyze bundle size

References

• references/project_templates/ - Starter templates (Vite, Next.js)
• references/testing_patterns.md - React Testing Library patterns
• references/ssr_patterns.md - Server-side rendering guide

Assets

• assets/component_template/ - Reusable component boilerplate
• assets/hook_template/ - Custom hook boilerplate